Unit 8 Learning Day 7 Bandura Observational Learning

Unit 8: Learning Day 7: Bandura & Observational Learning • Essential Question – How do humans learn, and what factors influence the learning process? • Objectives (write this down!): – I can: explain theories of social learning • DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): – How does what people watch on TV affect their behavior?

Unit 8: Learning Day 7: Bandura & Observational Learning • Essential Question – How do humans learn, and what factors influence the learning process? • Objectives (write this down!): – I can: explain theories of social learning • DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): – At Moe’s Southwest Grill, employees are taught to shout “Welcome to Moe’s” every time they see a new customer enter. Every time the door of the restaurant opens, a chime goes off. Joe, who has been working there a week, just noticed that he shouted “welcome to Moe’s” as a customer left the restaurant. – Based on your unsderstanding of classical conditioning, Identify the CS, US, and CR in this scenario.

Unit 8: Learning Day 7: Bandura & Observational Learning • Today: – DC – Watson’s Little Albert Experiment – Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment – Project Work time – Extra Credit: Take a Position: Censorship of cartoon violence • For Tonight: • EXAM WEDNESDAY • Packet’s still due for my review today – Myers 321 -326, RJ 6. 6 – Myers 333 -340; RJ 6. 7 – TOMORROW: FRQ on Learning

Applications of Operant Conditioning Reinforcers affect productivity. Many companies now allow employees to share profits and participate in company ownership. At work 4

Applications of Operant Conditioning In children, reinforcing good behavior increases the occurrence of these behaviors. Ignoring unwanted behavior decreases their occurrence. 5

Operant vs. Classical Conditioning 6

Learning by Observation ©Herb Terrace The monkey on the right imitates the monkey on the left in touching the pictures in a certain order to obtain a reward. © Herb Terrace Higher animals, especially humans, learn through observing and imitating others. 7

Neuroscientists discovered mirror neurons in the brains of animals and humans that are active during observational learning. Reprinted with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Subiaul et al. , Science 305: 407 -410 (2004) © 2004 AAAS. Mirror Neurons 8

Meltzoff, A. N. (1998). Imitation of televised models by infants. Child Development, 59 1221 -1229. Photos Courtesy of A. N. Meltzo Imitation Onset Learning by observation begins early in life. This 14 -month-old child imitates the adult on TV in pulling a toy apart. 9

Bandura's Bobo doll study (1961) indicated that individuals (children) learn through imitating others who receive rewards and punishments. Courtesy of Albert Bandura, Stanford University Bandura's Experiments 10

Applications of Observational Learning Unfortunately, Bandura’s studies show that antisocial models (family, neighborhood or TV) may have antisocial effects. 11

Positive Observational Learning Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works Fortunately, prosocial (positive, helpful) models may have prosocial effects. 12

Modeling Violence Children modeling after pro wrestlers Glassman/ The Image Works Bob Daemmrich/ The Image Works Research shows that viewing media violence leads to an increased expression of aggression. 13

Unit Encyclopedia Project

Work on Encyclopedia Research • Classical • Operant Conditioning – – – – De. Sean Chasen Emmanuel Gimere Jamel Montrel La. Shannen – – – – Brittany Demishia Destiny Alex Noor Aaron Briana • Observational Learning – – – Breana Kiara Jovell Lewis Christina Shamiya

Research Options • Psych. Sim 5 – Module on Operant Conditioning – Module on Classical Conditioning – Module: “Monkey See, Monkey Do” • Web based research

Extra Credit: Newspaper Editorial • Suppose a local parents organization is running a campaign to censor certain television shows because of violent content. – Write an opinion piece explaining from a psychological perspective why you either support or oppose the proposed law.