Unit 8 Cold War Unit 8 TermsNamesPart 1

Unit 8 Cold War

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Unit 8 Terms/Names-Part 1 United Nations Cold War Yalta Conference Soviet Satellites Iron Curtain Containment Policy Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan NATO

Unit 8 -Part 2 ■ ■ ■ Berlin Airlift Department of Defense CIA National Security Council Mao Domino Theory Red Scare-(Again!) HUAC Albert Hiss Rosenbergs Mc. Carthyism U-2 Spy Plane

Unit 8 Terms & Names Part 3 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ JFK (John F. Kennedy) Nikita Khrushchev Berlin Wall Fidel Castro Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Sputnik NASA Massive retaliation

United Nations is created near the end of WW II Headquarters is in New York Cityit’s original sole purpose was to prevent another world war.

The Cold War ■ After the end of WW II, a new war developed: the “Cold War. ” – The Cold War was an time of distrust & hostility between the USA & USSR from 1945 -1991 – The USA promoted democracy & capitalism. – The USSR promoted communism & wished to increase its territory.

Before FDR died, he met with Churchill, and. USA Stalin& at WWII increased hostilities between USSR Yalta, USSR to discuss postwar Germany and Europe (1945) (Yalta Conference) FDR dies: leaders meet with Truman at Potsdam, Germany This time, Stalin refused to remove his military or allow free elections in Eastern Europe As a result, Eastern European nations turned to Communism & became Soviet satellites—nations influenced by the USSR

Communist Countries of Eastern Europe ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ USSR East Germany Poland Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Romania Hungary Bulgaria Albania

At the end of the war, Germany was divided into 4 zones occupied by the USSR, the USA, Britain, & France. East Germany became communist (East Berlin) West Germany became a free republic (West Berlin)

The Iron Curtain Capitalism & Democracy Communism The USA began to view Stalin in the 1940 s as a new Hitler—a dangerous dictator who wanted to take over the world

In 1947, the U. S. began a policy of Containment to stop the spread of Communism by the USSR When the USSR sends communists into Greece & Turkey to spread its policies, the USA created the Truman Doctrine: U. S. economic & military aid to any country threatened by communism. The Truman Doctrine worked: neither Greece nor Turkey fell to communism

European nations had difficulty recovering after WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe The U. S. created the Marshall Plan: gave $13 billion to help rebuild postwar Europe-only Western European countries. By 1952, Western Europe recovered.

In 1949, the USA formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): a military alliance among democratic countries

The Berlin Blockade ■ In 1948, the USSR stopped all traffic to Berlin in West Germany. (Blockade) – The USA began the Berlin Airlift to bring food, fuel, & supplies to keep West Berlin from turning to Communism. – Allied planes dropped in supplies by parachutes-if USSR attacks planes-USA goes to war! – The standoff lasted over 330 days until Stalin lifted the blockade.

Reorganizing the Government ■ By 1947, the U. S. gov’t created 3 new agencies during the Cold War – Department of Defense to direct the Army & Navy; The military created the Air Force – Central Intelligence Agency to collect & manage information among all gov’t agencies – National Security Council to advise the president on national security

st hydrogen bomb In 1952, The the U. S. tested the 1 Nuclear Arms Race (1, 000 times more powerful than the a-bomb) The U. S. monopoly on nuclear weapons technology ended in 1949 when the USSR successfully tested their own atomic bomb The Soviets responded with their own hydrogen bomb in 1953

The Cold War in Asia ■ By the late 1940 s the Cold War spread to Asia. – Since the 1930 s, Communist Mao Zedong fought democratic leaders for control of China. – In 1948, Mao gained control, became the leader, & renamed the country the People’s Republic of China. – ……communist country!!!!!! – Americans blamed President Truman for “losing China. ”

The Cold War in Asia ■ America’s response to the fall of China was to more aggressively confront Communism in the world – The U. S. expanded the military & stockpiled nuclear weapons – The USA feared that China would influence its neighbors to turn communist. – Domino Theory-Once one country falls to communism, they all fall to communism.

In 1950, North Korea crossed the 38° & attacked South Korea. The USA led a United Nations military to stop North Korea, By 1953, ceasefire stopped the fighting and pushed thea communists & the was restored out 38° of South Korea. as the boundary between North & South Koreas But, WWII, when the USA pushed After Korea was divided along the 38° with too close toin. China, the & democracy in the Communists the North Chinese Army entered. South the war & helped North Korea