Unit 8 Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions

Unit 8: Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions: Single Replacement

Predicting Products 3. Single Replacement: An element and compound react to form a different element and compound Common form: Element + Compound Element +Compound A + BC AC + B heat Pt

Predicting Products • These reactions do not always occur. • You must use the “activity series” sheet • “Like will replace like” – metals heat always replace metals, etc. Pt

Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium series! cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver (1) A metal in a compound is replaced by a more active metal ? Must use the activity lithium + zinc acetate zinc + lithium acetate (Metal) Lithium is more reactive than zinc. heat Pt

Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) ? Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver copper + aluminum sulfate NO REACTION (Metal) Copper is lower on activity series and therefore is less reactive than aluminum. heat Pt

Examples of single replacements: Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) ? Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver + lead (II) carbonate + barium carbonate (Metal) No Roman Numeral necessary! heat Pt

Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Examples of single replacements: Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver (2) Hydrogen in water is replaced by a more active metal hydrogen hydroxide sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen Tip: Change water into “hydrogen hydroxide. ” heat Pt

Activity Series of Metals (and Hydrogen) Examples of single replacements: Listed in order of decreasing activity. lithium potassium barium strontium calcium sodium cesium beryllium magnesium aluminum zinc chromium gallium iron cobalt nickel tin lead hydrogen copper mercury silver (3) Hydrogen in acid is replaced by a more active metal hydrogen phosphate calcium + hydrogen calcium + phosphoric acid phosphate Tip: Change acid names into their ionic name. heat Pt

Examples of single replacements: (4) A non-metal in a compound is replaced by a more active non- metal Activity Series of Non-Metals Listed in order of decreasing activity. magnesium + iodine fluorine + magnesium iodide fluoride chlorine (Non-metal) bromine iodine Tip: Watch your endings! Make sure nonheat metals replace non-metals! Pt