Unit 8 Astronomy Review Regents Earth Science Miss

1. The highest high tides and the lowest low tides occurred when the Moon

2. Which graph best shows the general relationship between a planet’s distance from the

3. Which motion causes the Coriolis Effect on Earth? A. Revolution of Earth around

4. A blue shift in the light from very distant galaxies suggests that the

5. At what time of day is the Sun at position S? A. B.

6. Which Moon phase is observed in New York State when the Moon is

7. When a solar eclipse is viewed from Earth, the Moon must be located

8. Compared to planet A, planet B has a A. Weaker gravitational pull to

9. The number of hours from one low tide to the next low tide

10. Which star has a surface temperature most similar to the surface temperature of

11. Which statement best explains why some constellations are not seen during all four

12. Ocean tides observed at coastal locations each day are primarily caused by A.

13. The terrestrial planets differ from the Jovian planets because the terrestrial planets are

14. Which statement best describes and explains the apparent motion of Venus over the

15. During which Northern Hemisphere season is Earth furthest from the Sun? A. Fall

16. Which information best supports the inference that the universe began with an explosion?

17. Which phase of the Moon will the observer see when the Moon is

18. The direction of swing of a Foucault pendulum appears to change due to

19. If the diagram represents our solar system and planet B is Venus, which

20. The modern heliocentric model of planetary motion states that the planets travel around

21. Which choice best represents the appearance of the Moon as viewed from New

22. According to the Big Bang theory, which graph best represents the relationship between

23. Which star is cooler and less luminous than the Sun? A. B. C.

24. Which statement best explains why the same side of the Moon is viewed

25. Which form of electromagnetic energy has the longest wavelength? A. Ultraviolet Rays B.

26. On which date will the next first-quarter Moon phase occur? A. B. C.

27. Which diagram represents the tilt of Earth’s axis relative to the Sun’s rays

28. On which day of the year does the Sun reach the greatest altitude

29. Which type of land surface will most likely absorb the greatest amount of

30. During which month does the Sun appear to rise farthest north of due

31. The theory that the universe is expanding is supported by the: A. Blue

32. Four locations are marked on the Moon’s orbit, A, B, C, and D.

33. If the tilt of Earth’s axis were decreased from 23. 5° to 15°,

34. Which graph best shows the length of a shadow cast from sunrise to

35. Compared to Mercury and Mars, the planets Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune have A.

36. By which process do stars convert mass into great amounts of energy? A.

37. Where has the process of nuclear fusion been occurring for over four billion

38. What is the time of day at point X? A. B. C. D.

39. If the average distance between Earth and the Sun were doubled, what changes

40. In which sequence are the items listed from least total mass to greatest

41. Compared to the diameter of Earth’s Moon, the diameter of Ceres is about:

42. What is the primary reason each city’s duration of daylight hours changes throughout

43. Which location represents March 21? A. A B. B C. C D. D

44. Which pair of shaded circles best represents the relative sizes of Earth and

45. Which statement best describes the age of our solar system and the universe?

46. Which arrangement of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth results in the highest

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Unit 8 – Astronomy Review Regents Earth Science Miss Wojdan

1. The highest high tides and the lowest low tides occurred when the Moon was near A. B. C. D. Apogee and a New Moon phase Apogee and a Full Moon phase Perigee and a New Moon phase Perigee and a Full Moon phase

2. Which graph best shows the general relationship between a planet’s distance from the Sun and the Sun’s gravitational attraction to the planet? A. B. C. D.

3. Which motion causes the Coriolis Effect on Earth? A. Revolution of Earth around the Sun B. Rotation of Earth on its axis C. Revolution of the Moon around Earth D. Rotation of Moon on its axis

4. A blue shift in the light from very distant galaxies suggests that the universe is A. Fixed and stationary B. Moving randomly C. Contracting D. Expanding

5. At what time of day is the Sun at position S? A. B. C. D. 6 a. m. 9 a. m. 3 p. m. 6 p. m.

6. Which Moon phase is observed in New York State when the Moon is located at position F? A. B. C. D.

7. When a solar eclipse is viewed from Earth, the Moon must be located at orbital position A. B. C. D. A E C G

8. Compared to planet A, planet B has a A. Weaker gravitational pull to the star and a shorter period of revolution B. Weaker gravitational pull to the star and a longer period of revolution C. Stronger gravitational pull to the star and a shorter period of revolution D. Stronger gravitational pull to the star and a longer period of revolution

9. The number of hours from one low tide to the next low tide is approximately A. B. C. D. 4 hours 8 hours 12 hours 24 hours

10. Which star has a surface temperature most similar to the surface temperature of Alpha Centauri? A. B. C. D. Polaris Betelgeuse Procyon B Sirius

11. Which statement best explains why some constellations are not seen during all four seasons? A. B. C. D. Earth revolves around the Sun Earth rotates on its axis The Moon revolves around Earth The Sun revolves around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy

12. Ocean tides observed at coastal locations each day are primarily caused by A. B. C. D. Earth’s revolution around the Sun The changing phases of the Moon The gravitational pull of the Moon on Earth Seasonal changes in the compass direction of sunset

13. The terrestrial planets differ from the Jovian planets because the terrestrial planets are A. B. C. D. Less dense and larger Less dense and smaller More denser and larger More dense and smaller

14. Which statement best describes and explains the apparent motion of Venus over the next few hours? A. Venus will set 1 hour after the Sun because Earth rotates at 45º per hour B. Venus will set 2 hours after the Sun because Venus orbits Earth faster than the Sun orbits Earth C. Venus will set 3 hours after the Sun because Earth rotates at 15º per hour D. Venus will set 4 hours after the Sun because Venus orbits

15. During which Northern Hemisphere season is Earth furthest from the Sun? A. Fall B. Winter C. Spring D. Summer

16. Which information best supports the inference that the universe began with an explosion? A. Measurements of rates of decay using Carbon 14 B. Measurements of cosmic background radiation C. Calculations of the distance from the Sun to each asteroid in the asteroid belt D. Calculations of the temperature and luminosity of stars

17. Which phase of the Moon will the observer see when the Moon is at the position shown in its orbit? A. B. C. D.

18. The direction of swing of a Foucault pendulum appears to change due to Earth’s A. B. C. D. Revolution Rotation Spherical shape Elliptical orbit

19. If the diagram represents our solar system and planet B is Venus, which planet is represented by planet A? A. B. C. D. Mercury Jupiter Earth Mars

20. The modern heliocentric model of planetary motion states that the planets travel around A. B. C. D. Earth in circular orbits Earth in slightly elliptical orbits The Sun in circular orbits The Sun in slightly elliptical orbits

21. Which choice best represents the appearance of the Moon as viewed from New York State when the Moon is at position 1? A. B. C. D.

22. According to the Big Bang theory, which graph best represents the relationship between time and the size of the universe from the beginning of the universe to the present? A. B. C. D.

23. Which star is cooler and less luminous than the Sun? A. B. C. D. Proxima Centauri Pollux Rigel 40 Eridani B

24. Which statement best explains why the same side of the Moon is viewed from Earth as the Moon goes through its phases? A. The Moon does not rotate as it revolves around Earth B. The Moon’s period of rotation equals Earth’s period of rotation C. The Moon’s period of rotation equals Earth’s period of revolution around the Sun D. The Moon’s period of rotation equals the Moon’s period of revolution around Earth

25. Which form of electromagnetic energy has the longest wavelength? A. Ultraviolet Rays B. Visible Light C. Gamma Rays D. Radio Waves

26. On which date will the next first-quarter Moon phase occur? A. B. C. D. August 6 August 10 August 16 August 22

27. Which diagram represents the tilt of Earth’s axis relative to the Sun’s rays on December 15? A. B. C. D.

28. On which day of the year does the Sun reach the greatest altitude at solar noon in New York City? A. June 21 st B. July 21 st C. March 21 st D. December 21 st

29. Which type of land surface will most likely absorb the greatest amount of incoming solar radiation? A. B. C. D. Rough, dark-colored surfaces Rough, light-colored surfaces Smooth, dark-colored surfaces Smooth, light-colored surfaces

30. During which month does the Sun appear to rise farthest north of due east for an observer in New York State? A. B. C. D. December January June July

31. The theory that the universe is expanding is supported by the: A. Blue shift of light from distant galaxies B. Red shift of light from distant galaxies C. Nuclear fusion occurring in the Sun D. Radioactive decay occurring in the Sun

32. Four locations are marked on the Moon’s orbit, A, B, C, and D. Which location correctly shows the new-Moon phase where none of the lighted portion of the Moon is visible from Earth? A. A B. B C. C D. D

33. If the tilt of Earth’s axis were decreased from 23. 5° to 15°, New York State’s winters would become A. B. C. D. Warmer, and summers would be cooler Warmer, and summers would be warmer Cooler, and summers would be cooler Cooler, and summers would be warmer

34. Which graph best shows the length of a shadow cast from sunrise to sunset by a flagpole in New York State? A. B. C. D.

35. Compared to Mercury and Mars, the planets Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune have A. Shorter periods of rotation B. Shorter periods of revolution C. Orbits with greater eccentricities D. Greater densities

36. By which process do stars convert mass into great amounts of energy? A. Radioactive decay B. Nuclear fusion C. Heat transfer D. Convection

37. Where has the process of nuclear fusion been occurring for over four billion years? A. Earth’s inner core B. On the surface of the Moon C. At lithospheric plate boundaries D. In the Sun’s interior

38. What is the time of day at point X? A. B. C. D. 6 a. m. Noon 6 p. m. Midnight

39. If the average distance between Earth and the Sun were doubled, what changes would occur in the Sun’s gravitational pull on Earth and Earth’s period of revolution? A. Gravitational pull would decrease and period of revolution would increase B. Gravitational pull would decrease and period of revolution would decrease C. Gravitational pull would increase and period of revolution would increase D. Gravitational pull would increase and period of revolution would decrease

40. In which sequence are the items listed from least total mass to greatest total mass? A. Milky Way, Solar System, Universe B. Universe, Milky Way, Solar System C. Solar System, Milky Way, Universe D. Milky Way, Universe, Solar System

41. Compared to the diameter of Earth’s Moon, the diameter of Ceres is about: A. B. C. D. ¼ the Moon’s diameter ½ the Moon’s diameter Twice the diameter of the Moon Four times the diameter of the Moon

42. What is the primary reason each city’s duration of daylight hours changes throughout the year? A. Earth’s axis is tilted 23 1/2⁰ relative to the plane of its orbit B. Earth’s rotation rate is 15⁰ per day C. The cities are located at different longitudes D. The cities are located at different elevations

43. Which location represents March 21? A. A B. B C. C D. D

44. Which pair of shaded circles best represents the relative sizes of Earth and Venus when drawn to scale? A. B. C. D.

45. Which statement best describes the age of our solar system and the universe? A. The universe is at least twice as old as the Solar System B. The Solar System is at least twice as old as the universe C. Our Solar System and the universe are estimated to be about 5 billion years old D. Our Solar System and the universe are estimated to be about 10 billion years old

46. Which arrangement of the Sun, the Moon, and Earth results in the highest high tides, and the lowest low tides on Earth? (Diagrams are not drawn to scale) A. B. C. D.