Unit 7 Things Fall Apart BY CHINUA ACHEBE

Unit 7: Things Fall Apart BY CHINUA ACHEBE

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe (1930 -2013) • Achebe was born in 1930, in Ogidi, a town in Eastern Nigeria (Umuofia in the novel was based on this town). • European literature portraying Africans and Africa perpetuated racist stereotypes about the continent and the people who lived there. • Achebe wrote Things Fall Apart to show the complexity of social, artistic, and cultural institutions of a specific tribe of Nigerian people. Watch: The Danger of a Single Story. • Though controversial, Achebe chose to write his novel in English instead of his native language so that it would reach more people.

French map of Africa c. 1898 with colonial claims: British possessions are in yellow; French possessions in pink; Belgian in orange; German in green; Portuguese in purple; Italian in striped pink; Spanish in striped orange; independent Ethiopia in brown Colonial Nigeria

What does this map tell us about who drew the national borders and what implications that might have for the people who must be forced to abide by them?

Igbo Culture Kola Nuts • Symbolize hospitality & life • Breaking of the kola nut has spiritual significance

Palm trees = palm oil & palm wine Yam farm, yams are a food staple in Igbo culture

cowry shells = currency (money)

Sources of Authority in Igbo Culture • democratic form of government – ruled by elders (only male members of the clan) • ancestors - speak through the egwugwu, – important men of the village who become possessed by the spirits of ancestors – also responsible for administering justice • gods – animist – embody forces of nature – gods can be reached through consulting Oracle (Agbala) – disobeying the Oracle = offending earth goddess=bad!

egwugwu • Important men of the village who are dressed with masks and elaborate costumes • The ancestral spirits speak through them • Responsible for administering justice in the clan

Cultural (Human) Universals • Donald Brown, a professor of anthropology, argues that there are universal traits or characteristics that can be found in human societies everywhere, regardless of culture. • In reading Things Fall Apart, our goals are: – to not get lost or fixated only on what is different, – to not make uninformed judgements about an unfamiliar culture, – and to not miss out on the important messages and characters in the novel due to confusion.

Brown’s Cultural (Human) Universals • Language – all cultures use some type of communication, and symbolism is a common way humans use to represent abstract ideas or concepts – Example: Proverbs • Society – family units, being a member of an organized group or community – Examples: relationships with parents, hierarchies within communities • Myths & Rituals – belief systems, celebration of life and death, ceremonial events – Examples: weddings, stories about the supernatural