UNIT 7 CHAPTER 23 1920S COPING WITH CHANGE

UNIT 7: CHAPTER 23: 1920’S COPING WITH CHANGE 1920 -1929

DAILY SPARK MONDAY FEB. TH 19 4 NEED TO MAKE UP THE IN CLASS ESSAY FROM UNIT 6 BY FRIDAY. PAY ATTENTION TO PACING GUIDE. LET’S BEGIN THE 1920’S

INTRO TO 1920’S CLIP

n n n n Decade notable for obsessive interest in celebrities Sex becomes an allconsuming topic of interest in popular entertainment Eat, drink & be merry, for tomorrow we die Return to normalcy US turned inward--isolationism Jazz Age first modern era in the U. S.

NEW ECONOMIC ORDER n n n EC CHANGES INFLUENCE DECADE’S POLITICAL, SOCIAL & CULTURAL CLIMATE RECESSION STRUCK IN 1920; RECOVERY IN 1922 GROWTH OF CITIES & NEW CONSUMER GOODS LED THE CHASE

Glenwood Stove and Washing Machine

BOOMING BUSINESS n n AUTOMOBILE FUELS BOOM 1927 FORD INTROS MODEL A GLOBAL IMPACT –EXP OF AM MARKETS OVERSEAS FORDNEY-MCCUMBER TARIFF 1922 & SMOOT HAWLEY TARIFF 1920 PUSHED U. S. IMPORT DUTIES TO ALL TIME HIGH

1920’s AMERICA’S ECONOMIC BOOM CLIP

BOOM WASN’T FOR ALL n n WAGE RATES ON RISE HOWEVER REGIONAL DIFFERENCES SHOWED INEQUITIES N VS S HUGE DESCREPANCY AF AM “LAST HIRED & FIRST FIRED” FARMERS NO PROFIT CYCLE

PRODUCING, MANAGING, & SELLING n n n INC. PRODUCTIVITY ASSEMBLY LINE WORK MASS-PRODUCTION FORDISM—WATCH CLIP ON FORD RISE OF CORPORATE GIANTS SUCH AS FORD, GM, CHRYSLER, GE & WESTINGHOUSE

n Henry Ford and the Model T Video Henry Ford - HISTORY. com

The Second Industrial Revolution n n U. S. develops the highest standard of living in the world The twenties and the second revolution – electricity replaces steam – Henry Ford’s modern assembly line introduced n n Rise of the airline industry Modern appliances and conveniences begin to change American society

WOMEN IN THIS NEW ERA n n WOMEN FACED WAGE DISCRIMINATION WEAKENING OF LABOR MOVEMENT HURT THEIR CAUSE 2 M WOMEN SERVED AS SECRETARIES, TYPISTS, , , NOT HIGHER RANKS COLLEGE DEGREE WOMEN NURSING, LIBRARIANS, & TEACHING

STRUGGLING LABOR UNIONS n n ORGANIZED LABOR DOWN IN MSHIP 5 M TO 3. 4 1920 -1929 FACTORS: 1. INC. WAGES DETERRED DESIRE TO JOIN UNIONS 2. NEW MASS PROD FACTORIES DID NOT UNIONIZE 3. MGMT HOSTILITIES

AGENDA TUESDAY FEB. TH 20 n CH. 23 TERMS & QUIZ FRIDAY FEB. 23 RD n LET’S RESUME OUR CH. 23 NOTES n DON’T FORGET ESSAY UNIT 6— DALTON, SELENA, & DANIEL BY FRIDAY

The 1920 Election

History Brief: The Red Scare in the 1920 s - You. Tube

Republican Policies n Return to "normalcy" – tariffs raised – corporate, income taxes cut – spending cuts n Government-business cooperation – “The business of government, is business” n Return to “isolation”

The 1920 Election Wilson’s idealism and Treaty of Versailles led many Americans to vote for the Republican, Warren Harding… US turned inward and feared anything that was European…

The 1920 Election The Ohio Gang: President Warren Harding (front row, third from right), Vice-President Calvin Coolidge (front row, second from right), and members of the cabinet.

BIO CLIP ON WARREN G. HARDING

• Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall leased naval reserve oil land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny • Fall had received a bribe of $100, 000 from Doheny and about three times that amount from Sinclair. • Fall found guilty of taking a bribe. • Sinclair and Doheny were acquitted of charges.

ANALYZE Political Cartoons: The Teapot Dome Scandal

WARREN G. HARDING n n SHARE QUOTE PG. 703 “EDITED” VERSION JULY 1923 WHILE ON VACATION – WGH HEART ATTACK; LATER DIES AUG. 2, 1923 VP COOLIDGE TAKE OVER FATHER SWEARS HIM IN; LOCAL MAGISTRATE

The 1924 Election §Calvin Coolidge served as President from 1923 to 1929. §“Silent Cal”. §Republican president BIO CLIP ON COOLIDGE

REPUBLICAN ECONOMY SUPPORTED LAISSEZ FAIRE AND BIG BUSINESS………. + Lower Taxes = + Less Federal Spending Higher Tariffs $ Fordney-Mc. Cumber Tariff---1923 Hawley-Smoot Tariff ---1930 raised the tariff to an unbelievable 60%!!! Strong National Economy

INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONALISM APPROACH BY REP. ADMIN DURING 1920’S DANGEROUS NAVAL ARMS RACE WAS ON WASHINGTON NAVAL ARMS CONFERENCE 1921 SEC. OF STATE HUGHES

The Kellogg-Briand Pact provided for outlawing war as an “an instrument of national policy, ” and was further notable for the following: v. The pact was signed in August 1928 by 15 nations. v. In the following months, more than 60 countries joined in this renunciation of war. v. The U. S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee studied the matter and issued a report that maintained that the pact did not impair the nation’s ability to act to protect the Monroe Doctrine. US Senate ratified this treaty.

Afghanistan Finland Peru Albania Guatemala Portugal Austria Hungary Rumania Bulgaria Iceland Russia China Latvia Kingdom of the Serbs Cuba Liberia Croats and Slovenes Denmark Lithuania Siam Dominican Republic Netherlands Spain Egypt Nicaragua Sweden Estonia Norway Turkey Ethiopia Panama Additional countries which join by July 24, 1929. Persia, July 2, 1929; Greece, August 3, 1929; Honduras, August 6, 1929; Chile, August 12, 1929; Luxemburg August 14, 1929; Danzig, September 11, 1929; Costa Rica, October 1, 1929; Venezuela, October 24, 1929.

Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928 § 15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes. § Problem no way of enforcement.

The Kellogg-Briand Pact provided for outlawing war as an “an instrument of national policy, ” and was further notable for the following: Major problems with this treaty 1. No enforcement mechanism was provided for changing the behavior of warring signatories. 2. The agreement was interpreted by most of the signatories to permit “defensive” war. 3. No expiration date was provided. 4. No provision existed for amending the agreement was included.

1924 PRES. RACE

MASS SOCIETY, MASS CULTURE n n n CITIES, CARS, & CONSUMER GOODS URBAN LIFE AFFECTED AF AM VIA MIGRATION TOWARD CITIES CITY LIFE ON WOMEN EASED HOUSEWORK—APPLIANCES, STORE BOUGHT CLOTHES & FOODS

EFFECTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE n n POSITIVES: UNITY, TOURISM, MODE OF TRANSP. , PERSONAL EMPOWERMENT, LESSENED RURAL ISOLATION, STANDARDIZED AMERICA NEGATIVES: TRAFFIC, PARKING, HIGHWAY FATALITIES, EXPENSIVE FOR MANY AMERICANS

ENVIRONMENT THREATENED n NEED TO BALANCE PRESERVATIONIST ETHIC & VACATION MINDED LEISURE CULTURE OF 20’S

MASS-PRODUCED ENTERTAINMENT n MASS CIRCULATION MAGAZINES SUCH AS SATURDAY EVENING POST

• Westinghouse Radio Station KDKA was a world pioneer of commercial radio broadcasting. • Transmitted 100 watts on a wavelength of 360 meters. • KDKA first broadcast was the Harding-Cox Presidential election returns on November 2, • 220 stations eighteen months after KDKA took the 1920. plunge. • $50 to $150 for first radios

• Radio sets, parts and accessories brought in $60 million in 1922… • $136 million in 1923 • $852 million in 1929 • Radio reached into every third home in its first decade. • Listening audience was 50, 000 by 1925

AGENDA WED. FEB. ST 21 n CHECK FOR YOUR NTI PACKET 9 PLEASE—WILL BE DUE NEXT WEDNESDAY n CH. 23 TERMS & QUIZ MOVED TO MOND. FEB. 26 TH n ESSAYS BY THURSDAY PLEASE

AMERICA GOES TO THE MOVIES n n n STARS SUCH AS RUDOPH VALENTINO & “AMERICA’S SWEETHEART” MARY PICKFORD FIRST TALKIE: “THE JAZZ SINGER” STEAMBOAT WILLIE BY WALT DISNEY

STARS OF THE 20’S

DEATH OF VALENTINO

WALT DISNEY & STEAMBOAT WILLIE CLIP

FIRST TALKIE!

CELEBRITY CULTURE CLIP

COBB TAKING 3 RD

LINDBERGH & SPIRIT OF ST. LOUIS

JAZZ AGE n n CHARLESTON DANCE—CLIP MODERNISM VS TRADITIONAL FLAPPER --BOBBED HAIR, DEFIANT CIGARETTE, LIPSTICK & SHORT SKIRTSROMANTICIZED NOVELS BY F. SCOTT FITZGERALD

F. SCOTT FITZGERALD

NOVELS OF THE TIME

ERNEST HEMINGWAY

v“Flappers” sought individual freedom v. Ongoing crusade for equal rights v. Most women remain in the “cult of domesticity” sphere v. Discovery of adolescence v. Teenaged children no longer needed to work and indulged their craving for excitement v. CLIP: 1920’S FLAPPER

The Playful flapper here we see, The fairest of the fair. She's not what Grandma used to be, You might say, au contraire. Her girlish ways may make a stir, Her manners cause a scene, But there is no more harm in her Than in a submarine. She nightly knocks for many a goal The usual dancing men. Her speed is great, but her control Is something else again. All spotlights focus on her pranks. All tongues her prowess herald. For which she well may render thanks To God and Scott Fitzgerald. Her golden rule is plain enough Just get them young and treat them rough. by Dorothy Parker

HARLEM RENAISSANCE n n n BESIDES JAZZ AGE; CREATION OF AN ETHNIC NEIGHBORHOOD— HARLEM LANGSTON HUGHES WRITER/POET JOSEPHINE BAKER DANCER & SINGER

• The U. S. Government began to restrict certain “undesirable” immigrants from entering the U. S. • Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and Immigration Act of 1924 • Kept out immigrants from southeastern Europe.

• The U. S. Government began to restrict certain “undesirable” immigrants from entering the U. S. • Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act of 1921, in which newcomers from Europe were restricted at any year to a quota, which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who lived in the U. S. in 1910. • Immigration Act of 1924, the quota down to 2% and the origins base was shifted to that of 1890, when few southeastern Europeans lived in America.

Cartoon from 1919: “Put them out and keep them out”

• Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. • The trial lasted 1920 -1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities. • In this time period, anti-foreignism was high as well. • Liberals and radicals rallied around the two men, but they would be executed.

1925 The first conflict between religion vs. science being taught in school was in 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee.

John T. Scopes Respected high school biology teacher arrested in Dayton, Tennessee for teaching Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Clarence Darrow William J. Bryan Sec. of State for Famous trial President lawyer who Wilson, ran for represented president three Scopes times, turned evangelical leader. Represented the prosecution. Dayton, Tennessee Small town in the south became protective against the encroachment of modern times and secular teachings.

WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN CHARLES DARROW SCOPES CLIP

AGENDA THURSDAY FEB. 22 ND n MAKE SURE YOU HAVE YOUR NTI PACKETS PELASE n LET’S FINISH CH. 23 THEN GET YOUR DANCING SHOES ON!

IKA Imperial Klans of America

Rise of the KKK was do to the ever changing of a traditional America. § 1925: Membership of 5 million § 1926: Marched on Washington. §Attack on urban culture and defends Christian/Protestant and rural values §Against immigrants from Southern Europe, European Jews, Catholics and American Blacks §Sought to win U. S. by persuasion and gaining control in local/state government. §Violence, internal corruption result in Klan’s virtual

THE GARVEY MOVEMENT n n n MARCUS GARVEY B. 1887 IN JAMAICA CREATED UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION “MOTHERLAND AFRICA” BACK TO AFRICA CAMPAIGN DUBOIS SHARP CRITIC IMPRISONED FOR FRAUD & DEPORTED

TRANSPARENCY Political Cartoon: Prohibition

• Goal: was to reduce crime and poverty and improve the quality of life by making it impossible for people to get their hands on alcohol. • This "Noble Experiment" was a failure. • Midnight, January 16 th, 1920, US went dry. • The 18 th Amendment, Amendment known as the Volstead Act, prohibited the manufacture, sale and possession of alcohol in America. Prohibition lasted for thirteen years. • So was born the industry of bootlegging, speakeasies and Bathtub Gin.

• People drank more than ever during Prohibition, and there were more deaths related to alcohol. • No other law in America has been violated so flagrantly by so many "decent law-abiding" people. • Overnight, many became criminals. • Mobsters controlled liquor created a booming black market economy. • Gangsters owned speakeasies and by 1925 there were over 100, 000 speakeasies in New York City alone.

Al Capone Detroit police inspecting equipment found in a hidden underground brewery during Chicago gangster during Prohibition who controlled the “bootlegging” industry. Elliot Ness, part of the Untouchables Agent with the U. S. Treasury Department's Prohibition Bureau during a time when bootlegging was rampant throughout

PROHIBITION CLIP

“Prohibition is an awful flop. We like it. It can't stop what it's meant to stop. We like it. It's left a trail of graft and slime, It's filled our land with vice and crime, It can't prohibit worth a dime, Nevertheless we're for it. ” Franklin Pierce Adams, New York World “It is impossible to stop liquor trickling through a dotted line” A Prohibition agent

PROHIBITION RAID

AL CAPONE--GANGSTER

CAPONE’S VDAY MASSACRE 1929 CLIP

1928 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION REP HERBERT HOOVER VS DEM. AL SMITH (CATHOLIC) n HOOVER 58% VOTE –SELF MADE MAN BECOMES PRESIDENT n BELIEVED IN INDIVIDUALISM STORY TO BE CONTINUED BIO CLIP ON HOOVER n

THE GREAT ENGINEER