Unit 7 Abnormal Psychology Day 1 Disorders Classification

Unit 7: Abnormal Psychology Day 1: Disorders & Classification • Essential Question – What are the causes & effects of psychological disorders? – How are psychological disorders diagnosed and treated? • Objectives (write this down!): – I can: apply the concepts of the DSM-IV • DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!): – What distinguishes odd behavior from something that is truly a psychological disorder?

Unit 11: Abnormal Psychology Day 1: Disorders & Classification • Today: – DC – Discussion of Class Format & Grading – UMAD & the DSM-IV – Applying the DSM-IV – Assign Disorder Projects • On Desk: – RJ 11. 1 & 11. 2 (E. C. ) • For Tonight: – Research for disorder project; read sections relevant to your assigned disorders; additional research will be required

Mid Term Data Analysis • 3 is required to pass the AP • How the exam is scored: Psych Exam – MC questions worth 1 pt – Mid Term Data: 3 5 s 5 4 s 5 3 s 5 2 s (4 were within 4 points of a 3) • 2 1 s • 1 yet to take it • • – FRQ section worth 50 points (so each term worth 3. 125) – Add up MC + FRQ to get composite score – Convert Composite score to 1 -5 scale • 107+=5 • 90 -106=4 • 73 -89=3

Modified Grading & Class Structure • Reading Journals now 10% rather than 15% of process grade • 5% will be based on random, unannounced reading quizzes; this will be easy if you have done your reading journals; they might even be open note at times • Extra Credit option: – Create a unit review packet that you and other students can complete. It should have a majority of key terms from the unit, and should use a variety of formats (ie, fill in the blanks, charts, matching, short answer, diagrams, etc. )

Psychological Disorders Chapter 16 5

Psychological Disorders I felt the need to clean my room … spent four to five hour at it … At the time I loved it but then didn't want to do it any more, but could not stop … The clothes hung … two fingers apart …I touched my bedroom wall before leaving the house … I had constant anxiety … I thought I might be nuts. Marc, diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (from Summers, 1996) 6

Psychological Disorders People are fascinated by the exceptional, the unusual, and the abnormal. This fascination may be caused by two reasons: 1. During various moments we feel, think, and act like an abnormal individual. 2. Psychological disorders may bring unexplained physical symptoms, irrational fears, and suicidal thoughts. 7

Psychological Disorders To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal. William James (1842 -1910) 1. There are 450 million people suffering from psychological disorders (WHO, 2004). 2. Depression and schizophrenia exist in all cultures of the world. 8

Taboo • We don’t treat psychological issues the same way we treat medical issues. – 10% of the world population will be diagnosed with a psychological disorder at some point of their lives – 15% of Americans will

Suppose: • Aunt Phyllis has a chronic heart condition • Aunt Alice has paranoid schizophrenia – Do we feel the same way about them? – Do we treat them the same way?

Criteria of Psychological Disorder 1. UMAD – U- Unjustifiable Behavior – M- Maladaptive behavior: • does it disrupt daily routines? – A- Atypical • Is it unusual? – Disturbing • Is it disturbing to the person, others, or both? 11

Deviant, Distressful & Dysfunctional Carol Beckwith 1. Deviant behavior (going naked) in one culture may be considered normal, while in others it may lead to arrest. 2. Deviant behavior must accompany distress. 3. If a behavior is dysfunctional it is clearly a disorder. In the Wodaabe tribe men wear costumes to attract women. In Western society this would be considered abnormal. 12

Overview of Psychological Disorders Anxiety Disorders § Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder § Phobias § Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders § Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders § Anxiety Disorder Explanation 13

Overview of Psychological Disorders Mood Disorders § Major Depressive Disorders § Bipolar Disorder § Mood Disorder Explanation Schizophrenia § Symptoms of Schizophrenia § Subtypes of Schizophrenia 14

Overview of Psychological Disorders Schizophrenia § Understanding Schizophrenia Personality Disorders Rates of Psychological Disorders 15

Understanding Psychological Disorders Ancient Treatments of psychological disorders include trephination, exorcism, being caged like animals, being beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, or transfused with animal’s blood. John W. Verano Trephination (boring holes in the skull to remove evil forces) 16

Medical Perspective Philippe Pinel (1745 -1826) from France, insisted that madness was not due to demonic possession, but an ailment of the mind. George Wesley Bellows, Dancer in a Madhouse, 1907. © 1997 The Art Institute of Chicago Dance in the madhouse. 17

Medical Model When physicians discovered that syphilis led to mental disorders, they started using medical models to review the physical causes of these disorders. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Etiology: Cause and development of the disorder. Diagnosis: Identifying (symptoms) and distinguishing one disease from another. Course: when/how a disorder first becomes noticeable, and how it spreads either within the body/brain or over time Treatment: Treating a disorder in a psychiatric hospital. Prognosis: Forecast about the disorder. 18

Biopsychosocial Perspective Assumes that biological, socio-cultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders. 19

Classifying Psychological Disorders The American Psychiatric Association uses a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to describe psychological disorders. The most recent edition, DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision, 2000), describes 400 psychological disorders compared to 60 in the 1950 s. 20

Multiaxial Classification Axis II Is a Clinical Syndrome (cognitive, anxiety, mood disorders [16 syndromes]) present? Is a Personality Disorder or Mental Retardation present? Axis III Is a General Medical Condition (diabetes, hypertension or arthritis etc) also present? Axis IV Are Psychosocial or Environmental Problems (school or housing issues) also present? What is the Global Assessment of the person’s functioning? Axis V 21

Goals of DSM 1. 2. Describe (400) disorders. Determine how prevalent the disorder is. Disorders outlined by DSM-IV are reliable. Therefore, diagnoses by different professionals are similar. Others criticize DSM-IV for “putting any kind of behavior within the compass of psychiatry. ” 22

Labeling Psychological Disorders 1. Critics of the DSM-IV argue that labels may stigmatize individuals. Elizabeth Eckert, Middletown, NY. From L. Gamwell and N. Tomes, Madness in America, 1995. Cornell University Press. Asylum baseball team (labeling) 23

Labeling Psychological Disorders 2. Labels may be helpful for healthcare professionals when communicating with one another and establishing therapy. 24

Labeling Psychological Disorders Elaine Thompson/ AP Photo 3. “Insanity” labels raise moral and ethical questions about how society should treat people who have disorders and have committed crimes. Theodore Kaczynski (Unabomber) 25

APPLY YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1. Review: “DSM EXPLAINED” attachment in Edmodo 2. Follow link in edmodo and practice applying the DSM individually at your laptop: http: //gln. dcccd. edu/psychology/Lesson 23/ls n 23_activity. B. htm 3. Individually read & jot down your answers for “Defining Pschological Disorders” handout

Disorders & Therapies Project • See handout & detailed posting on class website 1. Select 3 disorders within one category 2. Research them extensively. Focus on: • • diagnostic criteria (symptoms) Course & prevalence (when it sets in, how common it is) Etiology (causes) Treatment (medical, therapies, etc. ); at least 3 options each 3. Design interactive, multimedia presentation to the class on each of your assigned disorders. You will present at least one. 4. Therapies: Creative Component: • skits/discussions of therapeutic choices for a variety of disorders