Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 -Lesson 2 -How does energy move through ecosystems?

Before starting our lesson, Brain storm in the below question

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Food Chains Tap on the “video icon” to watch the video attached then answer the below questions: • What is a food chain? • Does the food chain begin with a producer or a consumer? • What are the herbivores? • What are the omnivores and carnivores? • What is a difference between primary, secondary and tertiary level consumers? • Who is last level in the food chain? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Here are the answers of your questions • What is food chain ? • The transfer of energy from food from one organism to the next in an ecological community is called a food chain. • Almost every food chain begins when producers (plants) capture their energy from the sun. • Through photosynthesis, producers convert this light energy into chemical energy in sugars, which they use for food. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Here are the answers of your questions • Does the food chain begin with a producer or a consumer? • Almost every food chain begins when producers (plants) capture their energy from the sun. • Through photosynthesis, producers convert this light energy into chemical energy in sugars, which they use for food. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Here are the answers of your questions • What are herbivores? • After the plants had consumed the sugar needed after photosynthesis process for doing their life processes, excess food not used by them is stored in their tissues and then passed to herbivores that eat producers. • Herbivores are first-level consumers. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Here are the answers of your questions • What are carnivores and omnivores? • Next in the food chain are Carnivores and omnivores (second-level consumers). • They eat herbivores and receive the food energy stored in their bodies. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? • Who is last level in the food chain? • Third-level consumers eat secondlevel consumers. Scavengers may be second- or third-level consumers, as they eat dead organisms. • Decomposers, the last level in a food chain, break down the remains of dead plants and animals for energy and return nutrients to the soil. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

I know you got the concept so answer the below question ; )

Read the below image and then think about what is the tundra food chain?

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Tundra Food Chain • The tundra is the coldest, driest ecosystem on Earth. • With short summers, there is little plant growth. Many animals either migrate or hibernate during the long, cold winters. • Like in all ecosystems, food chains in the tundra include producers (reindeer moss), first- and second-level consumers (caribou, wolves), scavengers (arctic gull), and decomposers (fungi, bacteria). Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Food Webs Tap on the “video icon” to watch the video attached then answer the below questions: • What is the food web? • In which direction does the arrow in the web point at? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Here are the answers of your questions • What is food web ? • Each consumer has a variety of choices when it comes to its next meal. • A food web shows how food chains overlap, or shows what eats what. • For example, a snake can eat a mouse or a salamander. Eventually, these living things become food for decomposers. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Here are the answers of your questions • In which direction does the arrow in the web point at? • Decomposers return nutrients to soil. These nutrients, in turn, are used by producers to make food. • Arrows in a food web point in the direction that energy moves. • Predators limit the number of animals below them in a food web. All of the organisms in a food web are interdependent. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Let’s play by answering the below question ; )

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Food Webs • How many different food chains does this food web contain? • A lot Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? At the Top • Tap on the “video icon” to watch the video attached then answer the below questions: • Differentiate between food chain, food web and energy pyramid? • How is the energy pyramid layered? And how? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? Here are the answers of your questions • What is an energy pyramid ? • An energy pyramid shows how much energy passes from one organism to another up a food chain. • The organisms feed on those in a layer lower to them. • Because many producers are needed to support a smaller number of consumers, producers in the bottom layer are the most numerous group. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? • How the pyramid is leveled? • For example, in an ocean energy pyramid, producers called phytoplankton are at the base of the pyramid. • First-level consumers, such as clams and herring, consume phytoplankton. • Second-level consumers, like salmon, feed on firstlevel consumers below them in the pyramid. There are fewer consumers because less energy is available to them. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? At the Top • Third-level consumers at the top of the pyramid, like the leopard seal, have the least amount of energy available to them, so their number is small. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 6 Lesson 2 How Does Energy Move Through Ecosystems? At the Top • Environmental changes can affect energy flow in an energy pyramid. • Whatever happens at one level affects the energy in the rest of the pyramid. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company