Unit 6 Africa Chapter 15 North Africa Section

Unit 6: Africa Chapter 15: North Africa

Section 1: Physical Geography

Landforms • Tectonic plates have influenced the physical geography of Northern Africa – _________ • Longest mountain range on the continent: – ______ Mountains

Landforms • Sahara Desert: – _______: sandy, dune-covered region – _______: stony palins with rocky gravel – _____: flat, sandston plateaus • Ahaggar – Large, mountainous plateau region in the north-central region of the Sahara – Mount Tahat • Tibesti Mountains – NE Niger and Sourthern Libya – Highest point in the Sahara

Water Systems • _____________________ – Alluvial soil- rich soil made up of sand mud deposited by running water – 1950 s: Aswan Dam • ____-in the desert, a streambed that is dry except during a heavy rain

Water Systems • Mediterranean Sea – Separate _____________ • Red Sea and Gulf of Aden – Separate _____________

Climate, Biomes, & Resources • What type of climate do we think of when we picture Northern Africa? • What did it used to be like?

Climate, Biomes, & Resources • _________ – Arid (desert) – Semi-arid (steppe) – Northern parts of Sahara have freezing winters – Southern Sahara has mild, dry winters – Cacti and some types of shrubs • _________ – Flat plain south of the Sahara – Senegal gerbil – Baobab tree – Cattle

Climate, Biomes, & Resources • _______ – South of the Sahara and Sahel – Not a lot of rain, but enough to support more animals and vegetation • ____________ – Most rainfall – Barley – Oats – Wheat

Climate, Biomes, & Resources • Natural Resources: – _______-natural mineral containing chemical compounds often used in fertilizers – ______________

Section 2: Human Geography of North Africa

History and Government Early Civilization • Egyptians – ___________ – Developed irrigation systems to water crops – Calendar: 365 days – _________________________________________

History and Government Early Civilizations • Arabs – Moved west from the Arabian Peninsula and invaded – ______________ – ____ culture due to invasion – _____ eventually took over

History and Government Early Civilizations • European Influence – France, UK, Italy held colonies

History and Government • Independence and Power Struggles – ________-belief in the right of a nation to be an independent state • Comes from Europe – Egypt gains independence in 1922 • From who? ? – Algeria gains independence in 1962 • From who? ? – Libya gained independence in 1951 • From who? ?

Society Today • Religion • _________ – Also: _______ languages • Family and Women: – Status in society impacts how many children – Many women’s rights violations

Economics • History of manufacturing and raw materials • Only some of the land is ________ – Only a small portion of the region partakes in primary activities • _________________have helped bring wealth into the region • Negatives: still see much unemployment, poverty

Section 3: People and Their Environment

Managing Resources • Water – Necessary for plants, animals, and all forms of life! – Rivers, oases, oceans/seas, and aquifers (underground sources of water) – _______________________

Human Impact • Ecological loss due to – – – ________ ____ • 3 main categories of concern: – Population growth – agricultural performance – Environmental degradation