Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire Lesson 3 The

Unit 5 The Byzantine Empire Lesson #3 The Spread of Islam and the Golden Age

Day 1 Aim: What were the greatest achievements of the Islamic Golden Age? Left: A doctor visits a patient in this vibrantly colorful miniature from a 14 th-century Persian copy of the Maqamat. Right: A medieval Western European being bled for medical purposes. Do Now: You have to visit a doctor in the middle ages. Based on the images above, which would you choose and why? Write an answer Turn & Talk

I Islam Divides A) After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, Muslims couldn’t agree who should be the caliph (Muslim leader) split within Islam. Sufis developed separately from Shiites and Sunnis. Through meditation they try to have a spiritual connection to Allah.

II The Spread of Islam

The Umayyad Dynasty 661 – 750 CE Conquered North Africa and Spain. Capital at Damascus. Allowed freedom of religion to Jews & Christians “people of the book” if they paid a tax.

The Umayyad Alhambra Palace, Spain

The Abbasid Dynasty 750 -1258 CE Abbasid Palace, Baghdad, Iraq Conquered the Umayyad Empire. Moved the capital to Baghdad.

Tamerlane’s Dynasty 1398 – 1405 Tamerlane conquered central Asia. Claimed to be Mongolian. Capital at Samarkand (a major stop along the Silk Road). Known for building walls of human skulls.

The Mughal Dynasty 1526 - 1707 Conquered India. Akbar the Great ended a tax on Hindus and allowed them to advance in the empire.

The Taj Mahal was a mausoleum built by Shah Jajan for his deceased wife Mumtaz.

Activity Day 1 • Students will close read annotate “Islam Expands” answer differentiated text based questions by Jigsawing the reading. • Group will discuss answers to questions in Jigsaw and choose one for closing discussion.

Closing Day 1 • Exit Slip Question: What allowed for the Arab Muslims to be successful traders? Where and what did they trade? • Homework: # 3 on the Unit 5 Outline

Day 2 Aim: What were the greatest achievements of the Islamic Golden Age? Do Now: What led to the split within Islam? What is the difference between Sunnis and Shiites? Write an answer Turn & Talk

The Ottoman Empire 1451 - 1922 1453 the Ottomans captured Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. Janissaries were Christian slaves who were converted to Islam as boys and served in the army. Suleiman the Magnificent beautified Istanbul, and created a law code.

The Blue Mosque, Istanbul

Topkapi Palace, Istanbul

Safavid Dynasty 1501 – 1722 The Safavids made Iran a center of art, architecture, and poetry. Capital at Isfahan.

Isfahan, Iran

Islamic World 1500 CE

IV Muslim Trade Muslim Arabs trade network connected Africa, Europe, and Asia. Arab dhow ships crossed the Indian Ocean.

V Achievements in Muslin Manufacturing A) Steel swords from Spain B) Leather from Spain C) Egyptian cotton textiles (fabric) D) Persian carpets

VI The Arts A) As Muslims are forbidden from creating images of people or animals, they developed a new style of art known as arabesque; geometric patterns that resemble floral shapes. B) Also developed calligraphy (an artistic style of writing). C) Beautiful mosques, featuring domes and minarets. An arabesque design The Blue Mosque, Istanbul Arabic calligraphy

VI Literature 1001 Nights, written approximately 10 th century CE. The Plot : King Shahryar discovered his wife was unfaithful and had her killed. He then marries and kills a new wife each night onward. Shahrazad, a daughter of the King’s vizier (advisor), insisted on marrying the king to stop him. She did marry him, and each night would tell him a tale, leaving it incomplete, to be continued the next night…which she continued to do until she has given birth to his children, when he finally realized that maybe he doesn’t have to kill her after all! Some of the stories she told the King to save her life included Aladdin, Ali Baba, and Sinbad the Sailor!

VII Math and Science A) Muslim scholars translated Greek, Roman, and Hindu texts, preserving them. B) Muslims spread the Hindu number system (Arabic numerals) to Europe C) Al-Khwārizmī added to classical Greek knowledge of algebra. D) Built astronomical observatories! Persian Telescope, 13 th century

Math and Science Continued… E) Cataracts surgery and small pox vaccinations F) Ibn Sina wrote the Canon on Medicine; an encyclopedia of medical knowledge. A Muslim doctor performing cataracts surgery

Activity Day 2 • Students will close read annotate Islamic Golden Age primary and secondary source documents on banking, medicine, education and mathematics. • Group will discuss answers to questions in Jigsaw and choose one for closing discussion.

Closing Day 2 • Exit Slip Question: Why do you think that medieval Muslims achieved a golden age, while most of western Europe did not? (Recall the collapse of the Roman empire in western Europe) • Homework: # 3 on the Unit 5 Outline

Summary Questions 1. What led to the split within Islam? What is the difference between Sunnis and Shiites? 2. What allowed for the Arab Muslims to be successful traders? Where and what did they trade? 3. Choose any 2 Islamic dynasties/empires [Umayyads, Abbasids, Tamerlane, Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals]. Where were they located? What did they accomplish? 4. Choose any 4 achievements of the Islamic Golden Age. Describe them and explain why they were an achievement. 5. Why do you think that medieval Muslims achieved a golden age, while most of western Europe did not? (Recall the collapse of the Roman empire in western Europe)

Word Wall ü 1001 Nights ü Abbasid Dynasty ü Akbar the Great ü Al-Khwārizmī ü Arabesque ü Arabic numerals ü Caliph ü Calligraphy ü Camel Caravan ü Janissaries ü Mughal Empire ü Ottoman Empire ü Safavid Empire ü Shiite ü Ibn Sina ü Small pox vaccine ü Sufi ü Suleiman the Magnificent ü Sunni ü Taj Mahal ü Tamerlane’s Empire ü Umayyad Dynasty