Unit 5 The Amazing Human Body 2007510 1

Unit 5 The Amazing Human Body 2007/5/10 1

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Learning Goal 1. Understanding human body, what every parts do. 2. Learn to skim for the main idea 3. Learn the roots of physical terminology or life 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 6

Chapter 1 You Are Amazing: You’re Human! 2020/10/28 7

Some of the Major Organs in the Human body brain (thinks) lungs (breath) liver (removing toxins, processing food) stomach (digestion) bladder 膀胱 2020/10/28 NEXT 8

Image of the Respiratory System 2020/10/28 9

Image of the Digestive System 2020/10/28 10

Skin – sweat glands remove excess water and salts from the body Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide Image of the Excretory System 2020/10/28 11

Image of the Circulatory System 2020/10/28 12

11 Major Organ Systems Integumentary System (皮膚) 2020/10/28 Nervous System Muscular System Skeletal System Circulatory System Endocrine System (內 分泌) Fig. 20 -6, p. 344 a 1 13

11 Major Organ Systems Lymphatic System (淋 巴) 2020/10/28 Respiratory System Digestive System Urinary System Reproductive System 14

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Before You Read 1. Have you ever been inside a hospital? Who was sick, you or another person? 2. What health problem did the person have? 3. What kind of treatment did the person receive? 2020/10/28 17

How the Body is Made Up Body Systems Organs & Fluids Cells and Fluids Chemical Elements 2020/10/28 18

Sweat Gland 汗腺 2020/10/28 20

Muscle 肌肉 2020/10/28 21

Metaphor 隱喻 Metaphors are comparisons that show two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in one important way. Metaphors are a way to describe sth. . Authors use them to make their writing more interesting or entertaining. Traders in a stock market crash are pigs in a slaughter My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill. Taiwan is a motel for some people. 2020/10/28 22

Metaphor 隱喻 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. Francis Bacon 有些書淺嘗即可，有些書可囫圇吞下，但少數書 是需要細細品味的。 2020/10/28 23

Metaphor exercise 1. Brian was a wall, bouncing every tennis ball back over the net. This metaphor compares Brian to a wall because ____. a. He was very strong. b. He was very tall. c. He kept returning the balls. d. His body was made of cells. 2020/10/28 24

Metaphor exercise 2. We would have had more pizza to eat if Tammy hadn’t been such a hog (豬 ). Tammy was being compared to a hog because she ___. a. looked like a hog b. ate like a hog c. smelled like a hog d. was as smart as a hog 2020/10/28 25

Metaphor exercise 4. The poor rat didn’t have a chance. Our old cat, a bolt of lightning, caught his prey. The cat was compared to a bolt of lightning because he was _____. a. very fast b. very bright c. not fond of fleas d. very old 2020/10/28 26

Analogy 類比 Analogy is when we say that part of X resembles Y Wheels are to a car as legs are to a body Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. 2020/10/28 27

Simile 明喻 also called an open comparison, is a form of metaphor that compares two different things to create a new meaning. But a simile always uses "like" or "as" within the phrase and is more explicit than a metaphor. Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep. He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. Taiwan is like a motel for some people. 2020/10/28 28

Simile 明喻 Metaphors basically say 'A is B', unlike similes which say 'A is like B' and analogies which offer a vaguer linkage between A and B. This gives a stronger association between A and B in metaphor. B is effectively overlaid and A, and everything about B is attributed to A. Thus A effectively becomes B. In analogy, the association is much weaker. Parts of B may be compared with parts of A, but B is not considered to be the same as A. 2020/10/28 29

Simile 明喻 Similes are constrained in that the word 'like' or 'as' is explicitly used. Metaphor: All the world's a stage Simile: The world is like a stage Analogy: People may treat the world as their stage 2020/10/28 30

Vocabulary & Phrase 1. human: adj: 1. characteristic of humanity人類的 2. relating to a person凡人皆有的 3. having human form or attributes as opposed to those of animals or divine beings有人性的 human: n. any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage人 2020/10/28 31

Vocabulary & Phrase 2. be made of: non chemical change (only physical change) 由……製成(p. 61 1) 3. be made from: (chemical change )由……製成 Tea is made from tea leaves. 4. percent: percentages 百分之一 (p. 61 1) 2020/10/28 32

human body water composition by organ/tissue percent of water muscle 75% fat 20% blood 83% bones 22% heart 80% 90% lung 80% 90% http: //www. seps. org/oracle. archive/Life_Science. Biochem/2001. 06/000991410254. 7589 http: //encarta. msn. com/text_761556865___18/Human_Nutrition. html brain 75% http: //www. madsci. org/posts/archives/may 2000/958588306. An. r. html http: //www. myhealthpointe. com/health_Nutrition_news/index. cfm? Health=10 2020/10/28 33

Vocabulary & Phrase 5. sweat: salty fluid secreted by sweat glands 汗, 汗水 (p 61 2) 6. gland: Any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream 腺(p 61 2) 7. part: n. (used with a pl. v. ) a. an organ, member, or other division of an organism: 器官；部位；组成部份 2020/10/28 34

Vocabulary & Phrase b. parts the external genitals. A tail is not a part of a guinea pig. 8. muscle: n. one of the contractile organs of the body 肌; 肌肉(p. 61 3) muscular: adj. 1. 肌肉的 2. 肌肉發達的; 健壯的 a muscular man 一個肌肉發達的男子 9. frown: look angry or sullen, wrinkle one's forehead, as if to signal disapproval 皺眉(p. 61 3) 2020/10/28 35

Vocabulary & Phrase 10. beat: vi. (p. 61 4) 1. 打, 擊, 敲[(+at/on/upon)] The rain was beating against the windows. 雨打在 窗戶上。 2. 吹打; 衝擊[(+against/on)] 3. 拍打; 撲動, 跳動 His heart beats violently. 他的心劇烈地跳著。 4. 攪成糊狀 5. 擊鼓; (鼓)被敲奏 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 36

Vocabulary & Phrase 6. 【口】獲勝 The visiting team will beat. 客隊會獲勝。 7. 艱難地前進 beat: vt. 1. 打, 擊, 敲; 衝擊 He beat his brother for lying. 他因為他的兄弟說謊 而揍他。 2. 拍打; 撲動, 跳動 3. (以連續擊打)攪拌[(+up)] 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 37

Vocabulary & Phrase 4. 打敗, 勝過 I think Jack can beat all the runners in the country. 我認為傑克可以勝過這個國家的所有賽跑選手 5. 踏出, 劈出 6. 【口】使困惑, 難倒 This problem has beaten me. 這個問題難住了我。 7. 搶在. . . 之前 8. 錘打 9. 【美】【口】行騙 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 38

Vocabulary & Phrase beat: n. 1. 敲打; 敲擊聲; 衝擊聲 2. 搏動; 心跳聲 3. (鐘等的)滴答聲 4. 拍子; 節奏[S 1] There are four beats in this measure. 這一小節有四拍。 5. (警察等的)巡邏路線, 負責區域[S 1] The officers know everyone on their beat. 警察認識 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 39

Sentence Patterns Tom is the tallest boy in his class. Tom is taller than any other boy in his class. Tom is taller than all the other boys in his class. 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 41

Main idea of para. 1 Human body is very complicated and terrific. 2020/10/28 42

Vocabulary & Phrase 11. complex: adj. complicated in structure 複雜的, 錯綜 複雜的; 難懂的; 由各種部分所構成的, 複合的, 合 成的(p. 61 5) 12. in response to: 作為對…的答復, 響應…, 應… (p. 61 6) 13. environment: n. the totality of surrounding conditions環境; 四周狀況 (p. 61 6) the area in which something exists or lives自然環境; 生態環境 environ: v. encircle 包圍; 圍繞; 圍住 2020/10/28 43

Vocabulary & Phrase 14. organ: n. a fully differentiated structural and functional unit in an animal that is specialized for some particular function 器官 (p. 61 7) (music) an electronic simulation of a pipe organ 管 風琴, 風琴 organic: adj. 1. 器官的[B] 2. 有機體的, 生物的[B] organic evolution 生物進化 3. 【化】有機的[B] organic chemistry 有機化學 2020/10/28 44

Vocabulary & Phrase 4. 構成整體所必需的 an organic whole 有機的整體 5. 組織的, 建制的, 基本的 the organic law 基本法 6. 施用有機肥料的 7. 【醫】組織結構的, 器質的 15. breathe: v. draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs 呼吸; 呼氣; 吸氣 (p. 61 8) breath: n. The process of taking in and expelling air during breathing 呼吸, 氣息 2020/10/28 45

Vocabulary & Phrase 16. digest: v. convert food into absorbable substances 消化(食物) (p. 61 8) digest: n. 摘要; 文摘[C] This is a digest of the week‘s news. 這是一週新聞 摘要 digestive: adj. 消化的; 助消化的[B] the digestive system of the body 身體的消化系統 digestive: n. 消化劑[C] digestion: n. 1. 消化, 消化作用[U] 2020/10/28 46

Vocabulary & Phrase This rich food is bad for your digestion. 這種油 膩食物不利於你的消化 2. 消化力[C] He has a good digestion. 他消化力很強。 3. (知識等的)領悟, 吸收[U] 4. 【生化】消化[U] digestible: adj. 1. 易消化的 2. 可摘要的; 容易瞭解 的 17. at the same time: simultaneously同時地 (p. 61 8) 2020/10/28 18. be unaware of: 不知道…，沒覺察到 ；沒有意識 47

Vocabulary & Phrase 19. pain: n. a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; suffering, hurt, discomfort, distress (p. 61 10) 痛苦 pain: v. cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed 使煩惱, 使痛苦 painful: adj. 1. 疼痛的; 引起痛苦的 My back is so painful that I cannot stand upright anymore. 我的背疼痛難忍, 我現在甚至站不 直了 2. 費力的; 困難的; 麻煩的 2020/10/28 48

Vocabulary & Phrase 3. 令人不快的; 惱人的 It was painful to admit that I was wrong. 承認我 自己錯了是件很痛苦的事。 painfully: adv. 1. 痛苦地; 費力地; 惱人地 He painfully wrote the letter. 他費力地寫成此封 信 2. 強烈地 I was always painfully aware of my shortcomings. 我一直強烈地意識到自己的缺點。 2020/10/28 49

Vocabulary & Phrase 20. most of the time: always— 100% all of the time usually— 80% most of the time often— 50% much of the time sometimes— 30% some of the time seldom—almost never—not at any time 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 50

Cleft sentence Tom bought a dictionary in the bookstore yesterday. It was Tom that bought a dictionary in the bookstore yesterday. It was a dictionary that Tom bought in the bookstore yesterday. It was in the bookstore that Tom bought a dictionary yesterday. It was yesterday that Tom bought a dictionary in the bookstore. 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 51

Main idea of para. 2 Our complex body has various organs/parts and they have different functions. 2020/10/28 52

take care of 1. to oversee and protect someone or something; to care for someone or something. 照顧 Please take care of my child while I am away. I will take care of everything for you. 2. to tip someone. I took care of the doorman as we left. Did you remember to take care of the waiter? 3. Euph. to kill or dispose of someone. 殺；處置, 處理 2020/10/28 53

take care of Max said he was going to take care of Lefty once and for all. The crime king ordered Max to take care of a certain private detective. 4. to deal with something; to handle or manage a problem or detail. 處理 Would you please take care of this little problem? This is an easy thing to take care of. I will fix it immediately. 2020/10/28 54

Vocabulary & Phrase 21. damage: v. harm; hurt 損害; 損失(p. 61 12) 22. alcohol: n. a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent酒精; 【化】醇 (p 61 12) alcoholic: addicted to alcohol 酗酒 workaholic: person with a compulsive need to work 作狂 23. damage: v. cause damage to 損害, 毀壞 (p. 61 12) 24. cause: v. result in; give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally原因; 起因(p 61 13) 2020/10/28 55

Vocabulary & Phrase (cause) cause/result in (effect) = (effect) result from (cause) Smoking causes/results in lung cancer. Lung cancer results from smoking. 25. properly: adv. in the right manner 恰當地; 正確地 26. survey: n. a detailed critical inspection 調查; 調 查報告; 民意調查(測驗) (p. 61 15) 27. casualty department: n. 急診處(p 61 16) 28. emergency: n. a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action 緊急 情況; 突然事件 (p 61 17) 2020/10/28 56

Vocabulary & Phrase 29. emergency department: (in a health care facility) a section of an institution that is staffed and equipped to provide rapid and varied emergency care, especially for those who are stricken with sudden and acute illness or who are the victims of severe trauma. The emergency department may use a triage system of screening and classifying clients to determine priority needs for the most efficient use of available personnel and equipment. Also called emergency room (p 61 ) 2020/10/28 57

Vocabulary & Phrase 30. clinic: n. medical building; a medical establishment run by a group of medical specialists 診所, 門診所 (p 61 17) 31. injury: n. any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc. 傷害; (對健康 的)損害 (p 61 18) 32. poison: v. kill with poison 毒; 毒藥; 毒物[(p 61 18) One man’s meat is another man’s poison. = Something that one person likes may be distasteful to someone else. 蘿蔔青菜，各有所 2020/10/28 58 愛

Vocabulary & Phrase 33. patient: n. sick person; a person who requires medical care 病患 patient: adj. bearing or enduring pain, difficulty, provocation, or annoyance with calmness. 有耐心 的, 能忍受的, 能容忍的 impatient: adj. short tempered 無耐心的 sick person (病人) vs. ill persons (壞人) patience: n. good natured tolerance 耐心 impatience: n. a lack of patience 無耐心 2020/10/28 59

Vocabulary & Phrase 34. treat: v. provide treatment for 治療 (p. 61 19) treatment: n. 治療 35. surgery: n. operation 外科, 外科醫學; (外科)手術 (p 61 20) 2020/10/28 60

Present participle vs. past participle The carpenter (木匠 ) fixes my broken chair. (過去 分詞當形容詞有被動；完成的特性) The sleeping baby is very cute. (現在分詞當形容詞 有主動；進行的特性) The sleeping car is very comfortable. (動名當形容詞 有表用途的特性) 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 61

Vocabulary & Phrase physician 內科醫生 surgeon 外科醫生 dentist 牙科醫生 dermatologist 皮膚科醫生 ear nose throat doctor 耳鼻喉醫生 gynecologist 婦科醫生 obstetrician 產科醫生 oculist 眼科醫生 2020/10/28 62

Vocabulary & Phrase paediatrician 小兒科醫生 radiologist 放射科醫師 radiographer 放射科技師 urologist 泌尿科醫生 dietician 營養醫師 2020/10/28 63

Vocabulary & Phrase physician in charge, surgeon in charge, attending doctor, doctor in charge 主治醫生 resident physician 住院醫生 intern, interne 實習醫生 laboratory technician 化驗員 nurse 護士 head nurse 護士長 2020/10/28 64

damage, harm, hurt, injury 【Harm】 means ill effect. It is a general term that could include problems with physical or mental health. Although it could also refer to a negative effect on an inanimate object, it is most often used to refer to a negative effect on a person. 【Damage】also refers to a negative impact. It is associated most often with material property, but can also refer to a mental or psychological realm. You could “damage” a car, or a self belief, for instance. 2020/10/28 65

damage, harm, hurt, injury 【Injury】almost always refers to a physical body. A person could be injured. Likewise, a cheetah could be injured. 'Injury' also refers to the actual site of damage to the body. A broken arm is an injury 【 Hurt】the most informal of the group, is mainly, but not wholly, re stricted to living things, and is general in applying to both a severe or minor impairment 2020/10/28 66

damage, harm, hurt, injury damage 多用在物品的損壞，是可以復原的。 The tree was damaged by the typhoon. harm 可指各種的傷害、危害，和hurt較接近。 He harmed me with a knife. injury 是傷口，多指人體上的傷害。 I am injured by a knife. hurt 受傷，身體或心理上的。 I get hurt. Hurt his feelings. 2020/10/28 67

Main Idea of Para. 3 A lot of people do not take good care of their health. 2020/10/28 68

Phrases & Vocabulary 36. go wrong: (p. 61 21) 1. to take a wrong turn or make a wrong move. 弄錯 2. to go astray morally. 離開正道 3. to go amiss; turn out badly. 不稱心地 37. in fact: as a matter of fact: in reality or actuality; actually, in truth; in point of fact (p 61 22) 38. fortunately: adv. luckily Fortunately, the fire was discovered soon after it had started. 幸好火勢剛起就立即被發現了。 fortunate: adj. having unexpected good fortune幸運 的, 僥倖的[+to v][(+in)][+that] 2020/10/28 69

Vocabulary & Phrase It is fortunate that we can all meet tomorrow. 我們明 天都能見面了, 真是幸運。 fortune: n. a large amount of wealth or prosperity 財 富 An unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favourable outcome 運氣；時運 39. suffer: v. undergo or be subjected to 容許; 任憑 undergo (as of injuries and illnesses); 忍受 She suffered a fracture in the accident. 2020/10/28 70

Vocabulary & Phrase experience (emotional) pain 遭受; 經歷 He suffered many humiliations before he became a football star. sufferance: n. 忍受, 忍耐; 忍耐力 sufferable: adj. 可容忍的 40. due to: because of (p 61 25) 41. gerontology: n. the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people 老年病學(p 61 26) 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 71

Exercise 1. The heavy snowfall was because of/due to El Nino. 2. The snowfall came because of/due to the effects of El Nino. 3. Due to/Because of the effects of El Nino, the snowfall was heavy. 4. The crash was because of/due to the erratic nature of the other driver. 5. The crash occurred because of/due to the erratic nature of the other driver. 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 72

Vocabulary & Phrase 42. artificial: adj. false, pretended, unreal, substitute; contrived by art rather than nature 人 的, 人造的; 假的 artificial joint 人造關節 artificial leg 義肢 artificial tooth 假牙 (false tooth) artificial flower 人造花 2020/10/28 Wen-Shann Hwang 73

due to 【Due to】means “caused by. ” It should be used only if it can be substituted with "caused by. " It does not mean the same as "because of. " 【X】The game was postponed due to rain. 【O】 The game was postponed because of rain. 【O】 The game's postponement was due to rain. The wordy expression “due to the fact” that should be replaced by because or since. 2020/10/28 74

log = science, “科學, 學科” geology n 地質學 (geo 地 + log + y) meteorology n 氣象學 (meteor 隕石，引申為氣象 + o + log + y) morphology n 形態學 (morph 形狀 + o + log + y) mythology n 神話學 (myth 神話 + o + log + y) ornithology n 鳥類學 (ornith 鳥 + o + log + y) psychology n 心理學 (paych 心理 + o + log + y) physilogy n 生理學 (phys 身體，物質 + io + log + y) theology n 神學 (theo 神 + o + log + y) 2020/10/28 76

bio, bi=life, “生命，生物” biography 傳記（bio + graphy寫→寫生命→傳記） bilographer 傳記作者 biochemistry 生物化學 autobiography 自傳 biosphere 生物圈（bio + sphere圈→生命圈） biocide 殺蟲劑 microbe 微生物（micro微小＋be=bi生命） 2020/10/28 77

Main Idea of Para. 4 Gerontology is developed to take good care of the elderly. 2020/10/28 78

Vocabulary & Phrase 43. the + comparative …, the + comparative …. What is the part of speech of “the”? 44. last: v. continue to live through hardship or adversity 持續 45. as with: as is the case with along with as with 與. . . 一樣 Smiling, as with happiness or optimism. 滿面春風的 微笑，如帶著歡悅的或樂觀的 2020/10/28 79

Vocabulary & Phrase 46. as for至於, 關於 As for you, I refuse to have any dealings with you. 至 於你, 我不想跟你打任何交道。 47. as to a. 就. . . 而論(至於, 說到) We left for the station so early as to catch the first train. 我們很早就動身去車站以便趕上頭班火車。 2020/10/28 80

Main Idea of Para. 5 Eat correctly, do exercise, sleep well to live well. 2020/10/28 81

log = science, “科學, 學科” meteorology n 氣象學 (meteor 隕石，引申為氣象 + o + log + y) morphology n 形態學 (morph 形狀 + o + log + y) mythology n 神話學 (myth 神話 + o + log + y) ornithology n 鳥類學 (ornith 鳥 + o + log + y) psychology n 心理學 (paych 心理 + o + log + y) physiology n 生理學 (phys 身體，物質 + io + log + y) theology n 神學 (theo 神 + o + log + y) 2020/10/28 83

Check the Author’s Purpose 1. To entertain or to amuse (narration/description) 2. To explain and to inform (exposition) 3. To describe what something looks like (description) 4. To criticize or to condemn some particular action (argument) 5. To persuade us to change our thinking (persuasion) 6. To poke fun at weaknesses or faults (exposition) 7. To present both sides of a controversial issue (so we can make up our own minds), or to argue for only one side of the issue (argument) 8. To analyze a trend, a scientific phenomenon, or the background of a problem (exposition) 2020/10/28 84

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