Unit 5 Numerical Control Sections 1 Fundamentals of
![Unit 5 Numerical Control Sections: 1. Fundamentals of NC Technology 2. Computer Numerical Control Unit 5 Numerical Control Sections: 1. Fundamentals of NC Technology 2. Computer Numerical Control](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-1.jpg)
![Numerical Control (NC) Defined Programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of a ‘machine Numerical Control (NC) Defined Programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of a ‘machine](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-2.jpg)
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![NC Coordinate Systems For flat and prismatic (block-like) parts: § Milling and drilling operations NC Coordinate Systems For flat and prismatic (block-like) parts: § Milling and drilling operations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-5.jpg)
![Motion Control Systems Point-to-Point systems § Also called position systems § System moves to Motion Control Systems Point-to-Point systems § Also called position systems § System moves to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-6.jpg)
![Interpolation Methods 1. 2. 3. 4. Linear interpolation § Straight line between two points Interpolation Methods 1. 2. 3. 4. Linear interpolation § Straight line between two points](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-7.jpg)
![Absolute vs. Incremental Positioning Absolute positioning Move is: x = 40, y = 50 Absolute vs. Incremental Positioning Absolute positioning Move is: x = 40, y = 50](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-8.jpg)
![Computer Numerical Control (CNC) § § § § Storage of more than one part Computer Numerical Control (CNC) § § § § Storage of more than one part](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-9.jpg)
![Machine Control Unit Machine Control Unit](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-10.jpg)
![DNC § Direct numerical control (DNC) – control of multiple machine tools by a DNC § Direct numerical control (DNC) – control of multiple machine tools by a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-11.jpg)
![Distributed Numerical Control Central Computer NC Pgms Computer Network BTR Machine Control Unit Transformati Distributed Numerical Control Central Computer NC Pgms Computer Network BTR Machine Control Unit Transformati](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-12.jpg)
![Applications of NC Applications of NC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-13.jpg)
![NC Application Characteristics (Machining) § § § Batch and High Volume production Repeat and/or NC Application Characteristics (Machining) § § § Batch and High Volume production Repeat and/or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-14.jpg)
![Cost-Benefits of NC Costs § High investment cost § High maintenance effort § Need Cost-Benefits of NC Costs § High investment cost § High maintenance effort § Need](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-15.jpg)
![Precision Precision](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-16.jpg)
![NC Part Programming 1. 2. 3. 4. Manual part programming Manual data input Computer-assisted NC Part Programming 1. 2. 3. 4. Manual part programming Manual data input Computer-assisted](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-17.jpg)
![Manual Part Programming Binary Coded Decimal System § Each of the ten digits in Manual Part Programming Binary Coded Decimal System § Each of the ten digits in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-18.jpg)
![Creating Instructions for NC § § § Bit - 0 or 1 = absence Creating Instructions for NC § § § Bit - 0 or 1 = absence](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-19.jpg)
![Block Format Organization of words within a block in NC part program § Also Block Format Organization of words within a block in NC part program § Also](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-20.jpg)
![Types of Words N - sequence number prefix G - preparatory words § Example: Types of Words N - sequence number prefix G - preparatory words § Example:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-21.jpg)
![Example: Word Address Format N 001 G 00 X 07000 Y 03000 M 03 Example: Word Address Format N 001 G 00 X 07000 Y 03000 M 03](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-22.jpg)
![Cutter Offset Cutter path must be offset from actual part outline by a distance Cutter Offset Cutter path must be offset from actual part outline by a distance](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-23.jpg)
![Issues in Manual Part Programming § Adequate for simple jobs, e. g. , PTP Issues in Manual Part Programming § Adequate for simple jobs, e. g. , PTP](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-24.jpg)
![Example Example](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-25.jpg)
![Manual Data Input § § § Machine operator does part programming at machine § Manual Data Input § § § Machine operator does part programming at machine §](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-26.jpg)
![Computer-Assisted Part Programming § § § Write machine instructions using natural language type statements Computer-Assisted Part Programming § § § Write machine instructions using natural language type statements](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-27.jpg)
![Sample Statements § Part is composed of basic geometric elements and mathematically defined surfaces Sample Statements § Part is composed of basic geometric elements and mathematically defined surfaces](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-28.jpg)
![NC Part Programming Using CAD/CAM NC Part Programming Using CAD/CAM](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-29.jpg)
![You. Tube § § § § CNC Milling CNC Punching CNC Adhesive Bonding CNC You. Tube § § § § CNC Milling CNC Punching CNC Adhesive Bonding CNC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-30.jpg)
- Slides: 30
![Unit 5 Numerical Control Sections 1 Fundamentals of NC Technology 2 Computer Numerical Control Unit 5 Numerical Control Sections: 1. Fundamentals of NC Technology 2. Computer Numerical Control](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-1.jpg)
Unit 5 Numerical Control Sections: 1. Fundamentals of NC Technology 2. Computer Numerical Control 3. Distributed Numerical Control 4. Applications of NC 5. NC Part Programming
![Numerical Control NC Defined Programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of a machine Numerical Control (NC) Defined Programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of a ‘machine](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-2.jpg)
Numerical Control (NC) Defined Programmable automation in which the mechanical actions of a ‘machine tool’ are controlled by a program containing coded alphanumeric data that represents relative positions between a work head (e. g. , cutting tool) and a work part Program Instructions Transformati on Process Machine Control Unit Power
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-3.jpg)
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![NC Coordinate Systems For flat and prismatic blocklike parts Milling and drilling operations NC Coordinate Systems For flat and prismatic (block-like) parts: § Milling and drilling operations](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-5.jpg)
NC Coordinate Systems For flat and prismatic (block-like) parts: § Milling and drilling operations § Conventional Cartesian coordinate system § Rotational axes about each linear axis For rotational parts: § Turning operations § Only x- and z-axes
![Motion Control Systems PointtoPoint systems Also called position systems System moves to Motion Control Systems Point-to-Point systems § Also called position systems § System moves to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-6.jpg)
Motion Control Systems Point-to-Point systems § Also called position systems § System moves to a location and performs an operation at that location (e. g. , drilling) § Also applicable in robotics Continuous path systems § Also called contouring systems in machining § System performs an operation during movement (e. g. , milling and turning)
![Interpolation Methods 1 2 3 4 Linear interpolation Straight line between two points Interpolation Methods 1. 2. 3. 4. Linear interpolation § Straight line between two points](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-7.jpg)
Interpolation Methods 1. 2. 3. 4. Linear interpolation § Straight line between two points in space Circular interpolation § Circular arc defined by starting point, end point, center or radius, and direction Helical interpolation § Circular plus linear motion Parabolic and cubic interpolation § Free form curves using higher order equations
![Absolute vs Incremental Positioning Absolute positioning Move is x 40 y 50 Absolute vs. Incremental Positioning Absolute positioning Move is: x = 40, y = 50](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-8.jpg)
Absolute vs. Incremental Positioning Absolute positioning Move is: x = 40, y = 50 Incremental positioning Move is: x = 20, y = 30.
![Computer Numerical Control CNC Storage of more than one part Computer Numerical Control (CNC) § § § § Storage of more than one part](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-9.jpg)
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) § § § § Storage of more than one part program Various forms of program input Program editing at the machine tool Fixed cycles and programming subroutines Interpolation Acceleration and deceleration computations Communications interface Diagnostics
![Machine Control Unit Machine Control Unit](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-10.jpg)
Machine Control Unit
![DNC Direct numerical control DNC control of multiple machine tools by a DNC § Direct numerical control (DNC) – control of multiple machine tools by a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-11.jpg)
DNC § Direct numerical control (DNC) – control of multiple machine tools by a single (mainframe) computer through direct connection and in real time § 1960 s technology § Two way communication § Distributed numerical control (DNC) – network consisting of central computer connected to machine tool MCUs, which are CNC § Present technology § Two way communication
![Distributed Numerical Control Central Computer NC Pgms Computer Network BTR Machine Control Unit Transformati Distributed Numerical Control Central Computer NC Pgms Computer Network BTR Machine Control Unit Transformati](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-12.jpg)
Distributed Numerical Control Central Computer NC Pgms Computer Network BTR Machine Control Unit Transformati on Process BTR Machine Control Unit
![Applications of NC Applications of NC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-13.jpg)
Applications of NC
![NC Application Characteristics Machining Batch and High Volume production Repeat andor NC Application Characteristics (Machining) § § § Batch and High Volume production Repeat and/or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-14.jpg)
NC Application Characteristics (Machining) § § § Batch and High Volume production Repeat and/or Repetitive orders Complex part geometries Mundane operations Many separate operations on one part
![CostBenefits of NC Costs High investment cost High maintenance effort Need Cost-Benefits of NC Costs § High investment cost § High maintenance effort § Need](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-15.jpg)
Cost-Benefits of NC Costs § High investment cost § High maintenance effort § Need for skilled programmers § High utilization required Benefits § Cycle time reduction § Nonproductive time reduction § Greater accuracy and repeatability § Lower scrap rates § Reduced parts inventory and floor space § Operator skill-level reduced
![Precision Precision](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-16.jpg)
Precision
![NC Part Programming 1 2 3 4 Manual part programming Manual data input Computerassisted NC Part Programming 1. 2. 3. 4. Manual part programming Manual data input Computer-assisted](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-17.jpg)
NC Part Programming 1. 2. 3. 4. Manual part programming Manual data input Computer-assisted part programming Part programming using CAD/CAM
![Manual Part Programming Binary Coded Decimal System Each of the ten digits in Manual Part Programming Binary Coded Decimal System § Each of the ten digits in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-18.jpg)
Manual Part Programming Binary Coded Decimal System § Each of the ten digits in decimal system (0 -9) is coded with four-digit binary number § The binary numbers are added to give the value § BCD is compatible with 8 bits across tape format, the original storage medium for NC part programs § Eight bits can also be used for letters and symbols
![Creating Instructions for NC Bit 0 or 1 absence Creating Instructions for NC § § § Bit - 0 or 1 = absence](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-19.jpg)
Creating Instructions for NC § § § Bit - 0 or 1 = absence or presence of hole in the tape Character - row of bits across the tape Word - sequence of characters (e. g. , y-axis position) Block - collection of words to form one complete instruction Part program - sequence of instructions (blocks)
![Block Format Organization of words within a block in NC part program Also Block Format Organization of words within a block in NC part program § Also](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-20.jpg)
Block Format Organization of words within a block in NC part program § Also known as tape format because the original formats were designed for punched tape § Word address format - used on all modern CNC controllers § Uses a letter prefix to identify each type of word § Spaces to separate words within the block § Allows any order of words in a block § Words can be omitted if their values do not change from the previous block
![Types of Words N sequence number prefix G preparatory words Example Types of Words N - sequence number prefix G - preparatory words § Example:](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-21.jpg)
Types of Words N - sequence number prefix G - preparatory words § Example: G 00 = PTP rapid traverse move X, Y, Z - prefixes for x, y, and z-axes F - feed rate prefix S - spindle speed T - tool selection M - miscellaneous command § Example: M 07 = turn cutting fluid on
![Example Word Address Format N 001 G 00 X 07000 Y 03000 M 03 Example: Word Address Format N 001 G 00 X 07000 Y 03000 M 03](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-22.jpg)
Example: Word Address Format N 001 G 00 X 07000 Y 03000 M 03 N 002 Y 06000
![Cutter Offset Cutter path must be offset from actual part outline by a distance Cutter Offset Cutter path must be offset from actual part outline by a distance](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-23.jpg)
Cutter Offset Cutter path must be offset from actual part outline by a distance equal to the cutter radius
![Issues in Manual Part Programming Adequate for simple jobs e g PTP Issues in Manual Part Programming § Adequate for simple jobs, e. g. , PTP](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-24.jpg)
Issues in Manual Part Programming § Adequate for simple jobs, e. g. , PTP drilling § Linear interpolation G 01 G 94 X 050. 0 Y 086. 5 Z 100. 0 F 40 S 800 § Circular interpolation G 02 G 17 X 088. 0 Y 040. 0 R 028. 0 F 30 § Cutter offset G 42 G 01 X 100. 0 Y 040. 0 D 05
![Example Example](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-25.jpg)
Example
![Manual Data Input Machine operator does part programming at machine Manual Data Input § § § Machine operator does part programming at machine §](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-26.jpg)
Manual Data Input § § § Machine operator does part programming at machine § Operator enters program by responding to prompts and questions by system § Monitor with graphics verifies tool path § Usually for relatively simple parts Ideal for small shop that cannot afford a part programming staff To minimize changeover time, system should allow programming of next job while current job is running
![ComputerAssisted Part Programming Write machine instructions using natural language type statements Computer-Assisted Part Programming § § § Write machine instructions using natural language type statements](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-27.jpg)
Computer-Assisted Part Programming § § § Write machine instructions using natural language type statements Statements translated into machine code of the MCU APT (Automatically Programmed Tool) Language
![Sample Statements Part is composed of basic geometric elements and mathematically defined surfaces Sample Statements § Part is composed of basic geometric elements and mathematically defined surfaces](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-28.jpg)
Sample Statements § Part is composed of basic geometric elements and mathematically defined surfaces § Examples of statements: P 4 = POINT/35, 90, 0 L 1 = LINE/P 1, P 2 C 1 = CIRCLE/CENTER, P 8, RADIUS, 30 § Tool path is sequence of points or connected line and arc segments § Point-to-Point command: GOTO/P 4 § Continuous path command: GOLFT/L 1, TANTO, C 1
![NC Part Programming Using CADCAM NC Part Programming Using CAD/CAM](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-29.jpg)
NC Part Programming Using CAD/CAM
![You Tube CNC Milling CNC Punching CNC Adhesive Bonding CNC You. Tube § § § § CNC Milling CNC Punching CNC Adhesive Bonding CNC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/1cb944be637db22412d5240a6fe41569/image-30.jpg)
You. Tube § § § § CNC Milling CNC Punching CNC Adhesive Bonding CNC Drug Insertion CNC Bioprocessing CAD/CAM Etc.
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