Unit 5 Meeting individual care and support needs

Unit 5: Meeting individual care and support needs Learning aim B 1 BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

Learning aims Pass: Explain how to incorporate ethical principles into the provision of support for individuals with different needs Merit: Analyse how an ethical approach to providing support would benefit specific individuals with different needs Distinction: Justify the strategies and techniques used to overcome ethical issues and challenges experienced by individuals with different needs when planning and providing care BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

Starter Define ethics and morals Discussion page 246 BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

Are these ethical? A In New Zealand, women who had pre-cancerous symptoms were divided into two groups without their knowledge, and only one of the groups was treated for their symptoms. B An anti-viral HIV drug was tested against a placebo by American companies in African, Caribbean and Asian countries. Testing in this way was unlikely to pass ethical standards in the USA. C In the UK, doctors at Alder Hey Hospital kept organs for medical research purposes from babies who had died, without asking their parents' permission to do so. The parents thought they had buried their children with their organs intact. The BBC described this practice as 'harvesting organs' and called it an 'organ scandal' (BBC 2001). BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Ethical theories • Principlism – this theory is based on the four main principles or morals that underpin all other ethical theories (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice). BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Starter activity The four main ethical or moral principles that underpin the provision of care and support to meet individual needs are: • autonomy: to respect and promote individuals’ right to make their own decisions • beneficence: for all care and support provided to benefit individuals • non-maleficence: for all care and support provided to do no harm to individuals • justice: to be fair and apply equality when providing care and support to individuals. Refer to example A, B and C – what principles are being undermined? BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Ethical theories based on the four main ethical principles have been developed to try and explain different approaches for managing different ethical issues. • Consequentialism – this theory states that the ethics or morality associated with a person’s action depends on the consequences of that action (i. e. good consequences underpin good ethics). • Deontology – this theory states that a person should adhere to their duties and responsibilities when overcoming an ethical dilemma. • Utilitarianism – this theory states that an ethically correct decision is one that is of the greatest benefit to the most people • Virtue ethics – this theory states that a person must be judged by their character, such as their reputation and morals, rather than by their unethical actions. How would each type of philosopher respond to our three examples? BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Pairs activity • Discussion page 247 • Discuss and compare two ethical theories. • Which theory do you value the most? BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Minimising risk while promoting choice, sharing information while managing confidentiality How to minimise risk but promote individual choice and independence for individuals and health and social care professionals? • by individuals and professionals agreeing to solutions together that balance risk with individual choice and independence • by individuals and professionals having a positive approach to taking and minimising risks. How to share information while managing confidentiality? • by individuals and professionals understanding how and when information is shared, what information is confidential and not confidential • by providing clarity about professionals’ responsibilities and duty of care for sharing information and managing confidentiality. BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Managing conflict with service users, carers and/or families, colleagues Conflict with service users, carers and/or families, or colleagues may occur when providing care and support to meet individual needs. Examples can include: • a service user being angry with a carer for suggesting that more support is required to meet their needs • a service user disagreeing with a family member over their decision to remain living independently • a health and social care worker disagreeing with another professional as to how best to meet an individual’s needs. BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

How Read table 5. 2 Did you scenarios use these skills? BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Managing conflicts of interest Define conflict of interest Discuss the conflicts on interest on page 249 When could your personal situation affect your judgement? BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Balancing services and resources Resources Services that prom ot maximum benefit e s to health and well-bei ng Read page 239 and discuss Resource costs Allocation and availability of reso urces Services that prom ot individuals’ choice e s and independence Services that mee t individuals’ specifi c needs BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3, D 2) Pairs activity Time: 15 mins • What skills do health and social care practitioners need to overcome ethical issues and conflicts experienced with individuals? Discuss and share with a partner. BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3, D 2) Independent research activity Time: 20 mins • Research the Caldicott principles. • How do these promote an ethical approach to sharing information and managing confidentiality? Share and discuss with a partner. BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3, M 3, D 2) Extension activity Time: 45 mins • Present a case study of an individual who has care and support needs and: • explain how ethical principles form the basis of this individual’s care and support provision • examine in detail the benefits of using an ethical approach to meeting the individual’s care and support needs • examine in detail the ethical issues and challenges experienced by the individual and justify the approaches that can be used to overcome these. BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3, M 3, D 2) Summary In this lesson we: ü looked at the main ethical principles that underpin the provision of care and support to meet individual needs ü examined a range of ethical theories that are used to help analyse ethical issues or challenges that may arise when providing care and support ü examined in detail different examples of ethical issues or challenges that may arise when providing care and support ü looked at different skills and approaches that are used to manage ethical issues. BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education

B: Examine the ethical issues involved when providing care and support to meet individual needs (B 1, P 3) Summary: plenary activities 1. Why are ethical theories useful for analysing ethical issues? 2. What types of ethical issues can arise when providing care and support to meet individual needs? BTEC NATIONAL LEVEL 3 HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE © C. Bradshaw, C. Sawicki, M Ferreiro Peteiro and S. Rogers, published by Hodder Education