Unit 5 Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7
- Slides: 31
Unit 5 Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7
The Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells • Basic units of structure and function in living things • Cells are produced from existing cells
Categories of Cells • Type 1 – Prokaryotes • No Nucleus • Example - Bacteria
Categories of Cells • Type 2 – Eukaryotes • Has a Nucleus • Example – Plant, Animal, fungi
Types of Cells in the Human Body • •
Two Types of Eukaryotes – Animal and Plant Cell
Cell Structures in common Cell Membrane Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuoles Mitochondria
Nucleus • Controls most of cells processes • Contains genetic information-DNA • Chromosomes inside nucleus are threadlike structures containing genetic information
Ribosomes • Makes proteins for cell • Instructions come from the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum • Synthesizing, packaging and transporting of proteins • Two types – rough ER and smooth ER • Network of membranes
Golgi Apparatus • Packaging system • Takes small molecules and makes larger ones then stores them • Proteins
Vacuoles • Storage areas for water, salt, proteins, carbohydrates
Mitochondria • Synthesis and release of energy • Powerhouse of cell
Cell Membrane • Allows movement of materials in and out of cell
Cell Wall (Plant Only) • Provides support, protection and structure for plant cell
Chloroplast (Plant Only) • Site of photosynthesis
Cell Membrane • Regulates what enters and exits the cell • Provides protection and support • Semi-permeable – allows small substances through and keeps larger substances out • Made of lipids and proteins
Cell Membrane
Types of Movement through the Cell Membrane • Active Transport • Passive Transport
Passive Transport • Diffusion – substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration • Concentration means the amount substance in a given area • No energy required
Passive Transport • Osmosis – diffusion of water through the cell membrane
Effects of Osmosis • Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (low concentration of water ) • Salt Sucks – Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction. This is also why you get thirsty after eating something salty.
Isotonic solution • If the concentration of solute (salt) is equal on both sides, the water will move back in forth but it won't have any result on the overall amount of water on either side. "ISO" means the same
Hypotonic Solution The word "HYPO" means less, in this case there are less solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, since salt sucks, water will move into the cell. The cell will gain water and grow larger. In plant cells, the central vacuoles will fill and the plant becomes stiff and rigid, the cell wall keeps the plant from bursting In animal cells, the cell may be in danger of bursting, organelles called CONTRACTILE VACUOLES will pump water out of the cell to prevent this.
Hypertonic Solution • The word "HYPER" means more, in this case there are more solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, which causes the water to be sucked in that direction. • In plant cells, the central vacuole loses water and the cells shrink, causing wilting. • In animal cells, the cells also shrink. • In both cases, the cell may die.
Effects of Osmosis
Active Transport Movement through a membrane that requires energy
Diversity of Cellular Life
Cell Specialization – when a group of cells work together to perform a specific job
Levels of Organization
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- Eukaryotic cell structure
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- Bacterial cell structure and function
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- Cells graphic organizer
- Structure of plant and animal cell
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- Cell organelles graphic organizer answer key
- Plastids in plant cell
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- Category 1 cell structure and function
- Stages of mitosis in onion root tip
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- Difference between mercury cell and diaphragm cell
- Prokaryotic reproduction
- Plant vs animal mitosis
- Plant cell and animal cell diagram
- Primary source batteries
- Differences between plant animal and bacterial cells
- Section 10-2 cell division
- Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell
- Idealized animal cell and plant cell
- Walker cell and hadley cell
- Cell cycle and cell division
- Plant vs animal cell venn diagram
- Steps of cell cycle
- Applications of electrolytic cell