UNIT 5 BEVERAGES Beverage french word bever meaning

UNIT 5: BEVERAGES Beverage: french word ‘bever’ meaning ‘a drink’ Categories of beverages: 1) Alcoholic beverages and 2) non alcoholic beverage ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE v. Depressants v. Lowering the activity of the brain Classified into three main groups: 1. Fermented alcohol v Formed by fermentation of sugar into alcohol and CO 2 v 5 -25% alcohol by volume Examples: • Wine: produced by fermentation of fruit juice mainly grapes, alcohol content: 7 -16% • Beer: made by fermenting cereal starch, alcohol content 38%. Nutritive value is due to presence of dextrins, proteins and phosphate 1) Cider: made from juice of apple, perry, pears, palm etc.

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE 2. Distilled alcohol v. Obtained by successive distillation of fermented liquors from grains, fruits or vegetables v. Upto 75% alcohol by volume v. It has higher caloric content and less nutritional value than fermented alcohol Examples: v. Whiskey: made from cereals v. Vodka: made from any starch containing raw material v. Rum: made from sugarcane juice or molasses v. Brandy: made from juice of various fruits 3. Compound alcohol v. These are flavored alcohol v. Contain high alcoholic strength Example: Gin: prepared by the distillation of fermented malt of barley and rye flavored with berries of junipers, lemon peel, cardamom seeds etc.

NON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE üDoes not contain any alcohol or little alcohol üGood for health Classified into three categories 1. Stimulating v Helps to stimulate the vital organs of our body v Coffee and tea are stimulating beverage, they contain cafeine or related alkaloids v Cafeine impart mental activity and reduction in fatigue v Stimulatesincreased production of digestive juice, diuretic action, increase excretion of uric acid 2. Nourishing v Helps to gain the energy v Healthy for body contains lots of nutrients Examples: juices and milk. 3. Refreshing v Helps refresh our body as well as our mind Examples: Squash, coke, pepsi etc

TEA Scientific name: Camellia sinensis (L. ) Kuntze Family : Theaceae v. Stimulatory property of tea leaf extract was discovered by Chinese emperor Shen Nung in 2700 B. C. v. Origin: India or China or both v. Cultivation of tea in India: 1818 -1834 v. Tea producing countries: India, China, Srilanka, Indonesia, Japan, Iran, Argentina etc v. Tea growing states in India: Assam, Darjeeling, Nilgiris and Anamalai and others like Ranchi, Dehradun, Kumoan districts etc. v. Two distinct varieties of tea: 1) Small leaved sinensis (China) 2) Large leaved –assamica (Assam)

MORPHOLOGY OF TEA v. Habit: evergreen or semi evergreen shrub or small woody tree 9 -15 cm usually pruned back to shrubs 2 m v. Leaves: alternate, simple, lanceolate toothed margins Older leaves leathery bright green in color 5 -30 cm long acute end. Young leaves is covered with soft hairs (pubescence) underside but vanished as they aged Oil glands on leaves gives characteristic aroma v. Flowers: hermaphrodite, 1 -3 in number, axillary or sub terminal cymes aromatic, white or yellow centered white of pinkish Sepals and petals 5 -7, pedicellate Stamens numerous Carpels 3 -5 carpels, 4 -6 ovules. v. Fruit: capsules, seeds 3 celled woody capsules Capsule depressed, globose, brownish Capsules contains a brown seed in each compartment about 1. 25 cm in diameter.

Principal varieties of tea 1. Chinese tea Camellia sinensis var sinensis 2. Assam tea C. sinensis var assamica Mast 3. Hybrid of sinensis x assamica

ASSAM TEA VERSUS CHINESE TEA ASSAM TEA CHINESE TEA v It is a tree v Shrub v Quick growing, less hardier, single stemmed tree 6. 1 -18. . 3 m tall v Slow growing, multi stemmed bush 1. 22 -2. 74 m tall v large glossy pale green leaves 15 -30 cm long held horizontally or pointing slightly downward v Small leathery dark green leaves 47 cm long flat surface pointing upward v Few robust branches v Many branches and whippy v High yield and medium quality v Low yield but good quality v Sucesstible to drought and frost v Hardy variety capable of withstanding cold winters. v Flower borne in cluster of 2 -4 v Flowers are borne singly v Economic life of 40 years v Economic life of 100 years

AGROCLIMATIC CONDITION v. Grow successfully in subtropical and tropical areas v. Rainfall at least 150 cm per annum v. Average monthly temperature 21 -32°C v. Cannot withstand dry weather v. Required well drained acidic soils, Ph 4 -6 rich in humus v. Cannot grow in alkaline soil v. Shade loving plant v. Partial shade provided by leguminous tree Albizia procera, A. chinensis v. However heavy nitrogenous manure in full sun has greater yield v. Picking leaves starts when the plants is 3 -4 years old v. Picking stimulates the development of lateral leaves v. Fine grade: 1 st two leaves (terminal bud) rich in tannin 28% is known as “golden tips” caffeine content 4 -4. 5% of dry matter.

TEA DESIGNATION 1) Orange pekoe : Smallest leaf 28% tannin, high quality black tea of India and Sri lanka 2) Pekoe: Second leaf 21% tannin, high quality black tea of Sri lanka, India and Java 3) Pekoe-souchong: Third leaf 18% tannin 4) Souchong: Fourth leaf 14%tannin aromatic black tea from china 5) Congou: Fifth leaf Chinese black tea