UNIT 4 Topic 4 Forces Loads Stresses PICTURING

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UNIT 4 Topic 4 Forces Loads & Stresses

UNIT 4 Topic 4 Forces Loads & Stresses

PICTURING FORCES A force diagram is a simple picture that uses arrows to show

PICTURING FORCES A force diagram is a simple picture that uses arrows to show the strength and direction of one or more forces � The length of the arrow represents a force � The longer the arrow the stronger force � The direction of the arrows shows the direction of the force

FORCES External forces on structures are stresses that act on a structure from outside

FORCES External forces on structures are stresses that act on a structure from outside the structure These forces produce internal forces, or stresses, within the materials from which the structure is made These internal stresses can change the shape or size of a structure and is called deformation � This deformation can lead to repair of the damage to the structure, or failure of the structure.

EXTERNAL FORCES A dead load is a permanent force, acting on a structure �

EXTERNAL FORCES A dead load is a permanent force, acting on a structure � This includes the weight of the structure itself

EXTERNAL FORCES A live load is a changing, or non-permanent force acting on a

EXTERNAL FORCES A live load is a changing, or non-permanent force acting on a structure � This includes the force of the wind and the weight of things that are in or on a structure

EXTERNAL FORCES Impact forces (things that collide with the structure) are another type of

EXTERNAL FORCES Impact forces (things that collide with the structure) are another type of live load Impact Forces in Slow Motion

HERE IS A FUNNY PICTURE

HERE IS A FUNNY PICTURE

INTERNAL FORCES Tension forces Stretch a material by pulling its ends apart Tensile strength

INTERNAL FORCES Tension forces Stretch a material by pulling its ends apart Tensile strength Measures the largest tension force the material can withstand before failing Ripping in Slow Motion

INTERNAL FORCES Compression forces crush a material by squeezing it together Compressive strength measures

INTERNAL FORCES Compression forces crush a material by squeezing it together Compressive strength measures the largest compression force the material can withstand before it loses its shape or fails. The Strength of Eggs

INTERNAL FORCES Shear forces bend or tear a material by pressing different parts in

INTERNAL FORCES Shear forces bend or tear a material by pressing different parts in opposite directions at the same time. Shear strength measures the largest shear force the material can withstand before it rips apart.

INTERNAL FORCES Torsion forces twist a material by turning the ends in opposite directions

INTERNAL FORCES Torsion forces twist a material by turning the ends in opposite directions Torsion strength measures the largest torsion force the material can withstand still spring back into its original shape.

INTERNAL FORCES A bending force is a combination of tension and compression Shear and

INTERNAL FORCES A bending force is a combination of tension and compression Shear and torsion forces are also a combination of tension and compression

SO THE KEY MESSAGE IS … If you get that you win science!

SO THE KEY MESSAGE IS … If you get that you win science!

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