Unit 4 The French Revolution and Napoleon Causes

Political Causes �King was divine right monarch �People were denied voice in government �Louis

Social Causes- 3 Estates �First �Clergy � 1. 5% �Second �Nobility � 1. 5%

Social Causes- 1 st & 2 nd Estates �Owned most land �Collected feudal dues

Social Causes— 3 rd Estate (Bourgeoisie) �Most powerful group on continent �Wealthy and well-educated

Social Causesrd 3 Estate �Third Estate (whether bourgeoisie or peasants) was unprivileged class

Economic Causes— Spending �Louis XVI �Spent heavily to aid American colonists against Britain �Maintained

Economic Causes. Taxes �Peasants �Bourgeoisie �Provincial tariffs on �½ of income=taxes trade �To government

Economic Causes— Ignored Advice �He ignored economic advice to: �End court extravagances �Tax the

Ideological Causes— French Philosophes �Challenged traditional thinking and institutions �Vision

Ideological Causes— Other “Revolutions” �England--Puritan Revolution and Glorious Revolution �Geographically close �English took refuge

Ideological Causes— Other “Revolutions” �American “Revolution” �Lafayette and other French involved �Franklin and Jefferson

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Unit 4 The French Revolution and Napoleon

Causes of the French Revolution

Political Causes �King was divine right monarch �People were denied voice in government �Louis XVI—incompetent �Dull mind �No leadership qualities � Marie Antoinette—unpopular �Austrian Hapsburg �Vain, frivolous person

Social Causes- 3 Estates �First �Clergy � 1. 5% �Second �Nobility � 1. 5% • Third • Bourgeoisie –Merchants –Bankers –Attorneys • City workers • Peasants • 97%

Social Causes- 1 st & 2 nd Estates �Owned most land �Collected feudal dues (banalites) �Were exempt from most taxes �Held best government/military jobs �Received special legal treatment �Did include some poor parish priests

Social Causes— 3 rd Estate (Bourgeoisie) �Most powerful group on continent �Wealthy and well-educated �Resented arrogance of nobles �Wanted role in shaping governmental policies �Wanted to end mercantilism, preferring laissez-faire �Ideas presented by economist Adam Smith

Social Causesrd 3 Estate �Third Estate (whether bourgeoisie or peasants) was unprivileged class

Economic Causes— Spending �Louis XVI �Spent heavily to aid American colonists against Britain �Maintained lavish court at Versailles �Refused to tax privileged classes

Economic Causes. Taxes �Peasants �Bourgeoisie �Provincial tariffs on �½ of income=taxes trade �To government �Guild restrictions �Taille (land tax) on manufacturing �Corvee (forced labor) �Government �Gabelle (tax on salt mercantilistic purchases) regulations �To Church--tithe �To lords—banalites

Economic Causes— Ignored Advice �He ignored economic advice to: �End court extravagances �Tax the nobility �Louis heeded his nobles and dismissed advisors economic

Ideological Causes— French Philosophes �Challenged traditional thinking and institutions �Vision

Ideological Causes— Other “Revolutions” �England--Puritan Revolution and Glorious Revolution �Geographically close �English took refuge in France �French philosophes praised English parliamentary government

Ideological Causes— Other “Revolutions” �American “Revolution” �Lafayette and other French involved �Franklin and Jefferson were popular American envoys to France

Causes Concept Map