Unit 4 Review DNARNA Structure Function DNA Bases

Unit 4 Review

DNA/RNA Structure Function �DNA Bases: (A, T, C, G) A-T C-G �*The order of nitrogen bases= Genetic Code! �Nucleotide 1. Deoxyribose sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Base �Double Stranded �RNA Bases: (A, U, C, G) A-U *NO T! C-G �Nucleotide 1. Ribose sugar 2. Phosphate 3. Base �Single Stranded

Be able to understand… �Give the complementary base pairs for both DNA and m. RNA �Questions about the genetic code �Why must the bonds between bases be weak �Structure of Nucleotides �What do Nucleotides contain in both DNA and RNA

Mitosis/Meiosis �Mitosis: Cell growth Diploid (2 n) • Ex: 6 ->6 DNA must be copied before BOTH Mitosis and Meiosis!! �Meiosis: Produces sex cells (Gametes= sperm + egg) *Crossing Over Haploid (n) • Ex: 6 ->3

PRACTICE Number of Divisions Number of Cells 1 2 3 4 ? A dogs body cells contains 78 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a dog’s gametes? A. B. C. D. 23 39 78 46

Codon Charts �Objective: Using your codon chart, explain how a change in the last letter may not affect the amino acid that is coded for. �What are the codons that specify for Threonine? _______

Mutations Practice Protein 1 Protein 2 AUG CAG GGG CCC AUG CAG GGG CAC What kind of mutation is this? Gene/Chromosomal Point/Frameshift/Neither Specific: Protein 2 is nonfunctional. Why?

Transcription/Translation

Gene Expression �https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h_1 QLdt. F 8 d 0 �Main Points: Genes are turned on and off in order for certain proteins to be expressed or shown. Different cells are able to perform different functions because of gene regulation (ex: muscle cells and nerve cells)