Unit 4 Grammar and usage Analysis of complicated

Unit 4 Grammar and usage Analysis of complicated sentences 板块：教学设计—课件 作者：韦娟 2

Unit 4 Description： The grammar item in this unit focuses on how to analyze complicated sentences. This lesson will help students revise what simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences and complexcompound sentences are and their structures. 3

What makes a sentence? • Subject is what the sentence is about. • Predicate tells us something about the subject and always include a verb. 4

Identify the subjects and the predicates of the following sentences. 1) We will have an exam next week. S P 2) The hunter got lost in the jungle S P 3) Islam was started about 1400 year S P ago by a man called Muhammad. 5

Members of sentences • To be specific, the members of sentences include S (subject 主语), • P (predicate or predicate verb 谓语或谓语 动词 • O( object 宾语）， • C ( complement 补语)， • A( attribute 定语)， A( adverbial 状语)， A( appositive 同位语). 6

Study the sentences and find out how many subjects and predicates each sentence has. • • • 1) The guest has just arrived. 2) Mr. Black is English. 3) Mr. Black is a doctor. 4) She picked a flower. 5) The teacher taught us a new song. 6) Parents should encourage their children to get close to nature. 7

simple sentence structure : subject + predicate 8

Identify the sentence patterns • • • 1) The guest has just arrived. SV 2) Mr. Black is English. SVC 3) Mr. Black is a doctor. SVC 4) She picked a flower. SVO 5) The teacher taught us a new song. SVOO 6) Parents should encourage their children to get close to nature. SVOC 9

Put the following words into sentences • 1) turned trees green. (SVC) • 2) the car in the end stopped (SV) • 3) the left the open visitor gate (SVOC) Answers: 1)Trees turned green. 2) The car stopped in the end. 3)The visitor left the gate open. 10

• 4) he is looking for his glasses (SVO) • 5) my birthday me friend a present gave (SVOO) 4) He is looking for his glasses. 5) My friend gave me a birthday present. 11

Study the sentences and find out how they are different from simple sentences. • 1）There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bible. • 2) ‘By and by’ now means ‘before long’, but in the Bible, it was used to mean ‘immediately’. • 3）Take a map with you, and you will find your way easily. 12

• 4）Take a map with you, or you’ll get lost. • 5）Nobody answered the door, so I left. • 6）Some people have everything while others have none. • 7）Not only did he believe the story but also he persuaded others to believe it. 13

compound sentence • Structure : • subject + predicate + and/but/or/for +subject + predicate 14

Combine the two simple sentences • 1) 1. Pure salt will not lose its flavour. but Impure salt impure will lose salt will its flavour. (lose its(but) flavour). 2. Idioms • 2) Idioms are an an important part of of language and used in language. Theythey areare used in everything from films from literature toliterature films andtonewspapers. and newspapers. (and) • 3) Would you like to to hand in in another 3. Would paper? you. I an F? ( or) another. Shall paper. I give or shall give you an F? 15

4) The day breaks. The birds are singing. ( for) The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 5) He studied hard. He got high marks. ( thus) He studied hard, thus he got high marks. 6) Think it over. You will find a way out. (and) Think it over and you will find a way out. 7) This problem is very important. It is difficult to solve. ( Not only… but also…) Not only is this problem very important but also it is difficult to solve. 16

Compare the following two sentences and tell the structures of them. An idiom is a group of words or an expression 1)and the meaning of the expression 2)whose meaning often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of the separate words in it. . 17

more examples: • 1) Unless you recognize when an idiom is being used, you can easily misunderstand the meaning of a sentence. (Underlined part serves as the adverbial. ) • 2）The text goes on to say that if salt loses its flavour, then it should be thrown away, meaning that if you are not honest, then you are worth nothing. ( Both of the underlined parts serve as objects. ) 18

complex sentence • Structure: main clause + subordinate clause 19

Activity: Find complex sentences from the text. 20

Study the clauses in the sentence • People who follow this religion study subordinate clause Buddhist sutras and they follow the teachings of Buddha. coordinate clause 21

complex-compound sentence • Structure: the simple sentence + and/but/or +the complex sentence 22

The general structure of sentences: • the simple sentence: subject + predicate • the compound sentence: subject +predicate +and/but/or/for + subject +predicate • the complex sentence: main clause + subordinate clause • the complex-compound sentence: the simple sentence + and/but/or +the complex sentence 23

Exercise A • • • Answers: 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. c • 5. c • 6. c • 7. b 24

Exercise B 1. One English proverb is ‘the early bird catches the worm’, which is frequently used to talk about hard work being the key to succeed. 2. The proverb ‘ great minds think alike, but fools seldom differ’ is very famous although it is usually shortened to ‘great minds think alike. ’ 25

Exercise B • 3. The proverb ‘ don’t count your chickens until they are hatched’ means ‘don’t count on something going well until it happens’, and this proverb is very popular. • 4. The proverb ‘ make hay while the sun shines’ is very old, and it comes from the old days when people all worked on farms. 26

Homework • Exercises C 1, C 2 In Workbook P 128 27