Unit 4 Empires Global Trade Major Empires and
Unit 4 Empires & Global Trade
Major Empires and Nations of the Eastern Hemisphere in the early 1500 s
Early American Civilizations
Location of the World’s Major Religions
Major Trade Routes and Trading Patterns
� By 1500 AD regional trade patterns had developed that linked Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe � Trade allows for exchange of products and ideas—CULTURAL DIFFUSION!
Products and ideas that were traded � Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China) � Textiles, numeral system (India and Middle East) � Scientific transfer—Theories and discoveries in medicine, astronomy, mathematics
Why were regional trading patterns important around 1500 AD? � The exchange of products and ideas � Also known as CULTURAL DIFFUSION
What technological and scientific advancements were exchanged by around 1500 AD? � Paper, compass, silk, porcelain (China) � Textiles (India) � Numeral system, astronomy, mathematics, medicine (Middle East)
What products were traded on the Silk Roads? � Paper, compass, silk, porcelain
What products were traded on Trans-Saharan routes? � Gold and salt
What products were traded on South China Sea routes? � Spices
What products were traded on Indian Ocean routes? � Spices and textiles
What products were traded on European routes? � Products and ideas from Asia
Ottoman Empire � Existed in Asia Minor—modern day Turkey � Emerged as a political and economic power after conquest of Constantinople (capital of Byzantine Empire) by the Seljuk Turks who were overtaken by the Ottoman Turks in 1453
Ottoman Empire � Ottomans adopt Islam and transform capital and rename it Istanbul � Empire lasts until 1919—but reduced to size of modern Turkey � Covered Middle East, E. Europe, N. Africa
Mughal Empire (NOT Mongol) � Created by descendants of the Mongols � Established empire in N. India 1526 -1858 � Since founder was a descendant of a Muslim. Islam spread into India
Mughal Empire � Emphasis on cultural achievements � Example: Taj Mahal—Muslim architecturetomb for ruler and wife � India opens to Europeans during age of exploration � British est. East India Co.
China and Japan � Age of Exploration—China and Japan wanted to limit the influences of European merchants
Japan � Gov’t in 1500’s was called Shogunate � Similar to European feudalism � Emperor performed religious duties while Shogun (military leader) held most control
Japan � At first—Japanese warriors welcomed Europeans for the weapons � Europeans started to bring Christianity— Japanese feared this � Adopt isolationist policy—no one left Japan and they wanted no contact with Europeans)
Japan � Until Meiji Restoration—reformed and modernized the gov’t—away with the Shogun � Dutch were the only Europeans allowed—only wanted trade
China � Opened up to foreigners with resistance � Had no desire to deal with Europeans—but Europeans will smuggle drugs like opium in and through wars they earned more trading privileges
China � Not strong enough for isolation—establish foreign enclaves (foreign territory surrounded by a specified country for purpose of trade)
Africa � Songhai—Atlantic Coast— 1493 -1528 -Islamic empire due to gold trade � European explorers establish trading posts along Atlantic coast—became dependant on trade esp. slaves and resources which were exploited in Africa
Africa � Indian Ocean Coast—wealthy due to trade with Arab world � Allowed for introduction of Islam and creation of Swahili—a common trading language which is a mix of African and Arabic
Commercial Revolution � Change to modern business methods ◦ Money + coins ◦ Banks= government chartered banks
Commercial Revolution � Due to trade routes ◦ Silk Road ◦ Trans-Saharan
Commercial Revolution � Chinese/Muslims influenced math, science and astronomy which were really helpful during exploration � More cultural diffusion and the need to change to modern business methods
Commercial Revolution � Competition for overseas markets, colonies, and resources created new economic practices � Commercial Revolution and mercantilism helped to build strong, wealthy nations which enabled them to industrialize and build colonial empires
- Slides: 36