Unit 4 A Nation Divided Lesson 1 Tensions

Unit 4: A Nation Divided Lesson 1: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty

EOCT Review Questions

Warm Up • What are the noticeable differences b/t the North and the South?

Slavery and the Southern Economy • The South was mainly agricultural with little manufacturing • The main crops during the mid 1800 s were rice and cotton, both of which required extensive labor to produce • Though slavery was prevalent in the South, the majority of Southerners did not own slaves Image from: http: //www. phschool. com/curriculum_support/taks/tan_1. cfm? unit=4

Slavery: The North and South and Westward Expansion • North: -Most states had emancipated their slaves or outlawed slavery by 1800 s -Didn’t want slavery to spread to the West -Opposed slavery for political, moral, or economic reasons • South: -Southern farms dependent upon slave labor -Wanted to have power in Congress in order to expand Slavery • Westward expansion continued to bring this issue forward: what do we do with new territories?

New Western Territory • In 1819 the U. S. consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states • Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state in 1819 • To off set the imbalance, Maine applied for statehood as a free state • The Missouri Compromise granted statehood to both • No slavery above Missouri Compromise Line (36*30’ latitude) • Temporary solution to

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The fix worked…for 30 years • Fast forward to 1849: CA gold rush causes CA to SOAR in population size. In 1849 CA applied for statehood as free state, causing a problem of unequal # of free and slave states again. • But, the 36*30’ line won’t solve the problem as it cut CA in half

Compromise of 1850 • The compromise: • 1. California became free state • 2. Slave trade ended in D. C. but could keep slaves they already had. • 3. New Mexico and Utah territories could decide for themselves if they would be free or slave states. (Popular Sovereignty) • 4. Fugitive Slave Act: Runaway slaves to free states must be returned to their owners. (Many Northerners refused to obey)

Early 1800 s: Strengthening of the Abolition Movement • As the political discussion of slavery became more intense, so did the social movement to end slavery • Abolitionist: an individual who wants to end slavery • Grimke Sisters: South Carolina sisters who moved north to promote the abolitionist movement • William Lloyd Garrison became one of the country’s leading abolitionists, publishing the proabolitionist newspaper the Liberator. • Fredrick Douglass, a former slave, published the newspaper the North Star and an autobiography Grimke Sisters

Nat Turner’s Revolt • Slave Codes : restrictions on slaves, preventing them from learning to read and write • Nat Turner, a Virginia slave and Preacher, believed God had chosen him to lead a revolt • Turner and his followers killed more than 50 people before being caught • Turner and 19 men hanged! • Turner’s Revolt led to states passing even stricter codes and restrictions on slaves (no more slave ministers).

Exit Ticket! • How did the Missouri Compromise temporarily settle the issue of expansion and slavery in the United States? • Why was another compromise needed in 1850? • What was the message of the abolition movement?