UNIT 3 Transition to the Modern World UNIT

UNIT 3 - Transition to the Modern World • UNIT ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • • How did medieval society differ from Roman society? How was the Renaissance period so different from medieval times? What impact did trade have on medieval life? What intellectual, political, and social factors changed the worldview of European leaders? LEQ -- LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did power develop under the Feudal System?

Middle Ages Today • • • Christianity is still the dominate religion in European immigrants and their descendants have made Christianity the dominate religion in North and South America Today’s form of representative government include mutual rights and responsibilities as feudalism did. Chivalry has shaped modern ideas of romance in Western cultures, as shown in love songs, novels, TV shows, and plays. • • • Although women today have more power than they did in the Middle Ages, wealthy and poor women still lead very different lives. Religious leaders still speak out on political issues such as war and poverty Today’s epic films celebrate the lives of heroes, as did medieval literature.

European Middle Ages From the fall of the Characteristics of the Western Roman Middle Ages Empire in the 5 th • The classical heritage Century until the Early of Rome Modern Period in the • Beliefs of the Roman th 16 Century Catholic Church • Customs of various Germanic tribes

Invasions of Western Europe Germanic tribes invaded the Western Roman Empire. This caused: 1. Disruption of trade 4. Loss of a common language 2. Downfall of cities 5. Decline of learning 3. Population shifts

Germanic Kingdoms Emerge • Family ties and personal loyalty held Germanic tribes together. • Germanic people lived in small communities with no written laws • The church will provide order and security. Germanic Warriors

The Franks in Gaul • A Germanic people known as the Franks came to power in Gaul. • Gaul was much of present day France and Switzerland. • The leader Clovis brought Christianity to the land. • Clovis united the Franks

Germans adopt Christianity

Christendom • Papacy- the Pope’s office. • Pope Gregory I broadened the Pope’s office beyond the spiritual role. • Secular- concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. • The Pope’s office became the center of government.

An Empire Evolves • Clovis dies in 511. • By 700, the person in the position of Mayor of the Palace had all of the power. • The Mayor of the Palace led armies and made policy.

Charles Martel • 719 – Charles Martel is Mayor of the Palace. • He extended the Frank’s Empire. • Defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732. Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours

Carolingian Dynasty • Charles Martel’s son, Pepin the Short came to power. • Called “king by the grace of God” by the Pope. • Carolingian Dynasty is created and lasts 236 years.

Charles the Great a. k. a. Charlemagne • Charlemagne built an empire greater than any since Rome. • He reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire. • He was crowned emperor.

The Rule of Charlemagne • Governed through royal agents • Encouraged learning • Following his death, Louis the Pious ruled ineffectively. • Louis’ sons fought over and divided the empire.

Invaders Attack Western Europe • Vikings- Fierce warriors but also farmers, traders, and explorers – Vikings accepted Christianity and started farming instead of raiding

• Magyars- Nomads from Hungary – Invaded western Europe in 800’s • Muslims- Invaded from North Africa 600’s- 900’s • People started looking to local rulers for security instead of central rulers

Feudalism 1. King (owned all land). Granted large lots of land to nobles 2. Lord (large landowner/ vassal) gave a fief (small piece of land) for protection 3. Knights (mounted horsemen) protected their lord in exchange for this land 4. Serfs- bound to the land. Not slaves, but could not move. Largest group.

Manors (the economic side of Feudalism) • Manor is lord’s estate. System of rights and obligations between lords and serfs • Lords provide serfs with housing, farmland, and protection • Peasants tended the lands, farmed, and cared for estate

Manor Life • Self contained • Very harsh life and self sufficient – Daily hard work – Paid taxes for – Manor house services (baking – Church bread, marriage) – Workshops – Tithes – No other options for employment