Unit 3 Power Point 2 Territorial Expansion Economic

Unit 3 Power Point 2 Territorial Expansion

• Economic and strategic interests, supported by popular beliefs, led to territorial expansion to the Pacific Ocean.

• The new American republic prior to the Civil War experienced dramatic territorial expansion, immigration, economic growth, and industrialization. Americans, stirred by their hunger for land the ideology of “Manifest Destiny, ” flocked to new frontiers.

Manifest Destiny - Idea that God had given the continent to Americans and wanted them to settle the Western lands

Manifest Destiny • By 1850, the U. S. had fulfilled its Manifest Destiny by: – War with England – Purchases from France & Spain – Compromise with England – Taking in Texas – War with Mexico

American Westward Expansion 1783: Treaty of Paris - America stretches from Atlantic Coast to Mississippi River 1803: Louisiana Purchase - Extends American western boundary to the Rockies 1819: Adams-Onis Treaty - America acquires Florida from Spain

• Conflicts between American settlers and Indian nations in the Southeast and the old Northwest resulted in the relocation of many Indians to reservations.

Expansion resulting from the Louisiana Purchase and War of 1812 • Thomas Jefferson, as president in 1803, purchased the huge Louisiana Territory from France, which doubled the size of the United States overnight. He authorized the Lewis and Clark expedition to explore the new territories that lay west of the Mississippi River. Sacajawea, an American Indian woman, served as their guide and translator.

• The American victory over the British in the War of 1812 produced an American claim to the Oregon Territory and increased migration of American settlers into Florida, which was later acquired by treaty from Spain.

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) stated the following: • The American continents should not be considered for future colonization by any European powers. • Nations in the Western Hemisphere were inherently different from those of Europe— i. e. , they were republics by nature rather than monarchies.

• The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere. • The United States would not interfere in European affairs.

The westward movement and economic development • American settlers streamed westward from the coastal states into the Midwest, Southwest, and Texas, seeking economic opportunity in the form of land to own and farm. • The growth of railroads and canals helped the growth of an industrial economy and supported the westward movement of settlers. • Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin led to the spread of the slavery-based “cotton kingdom” in the Deep South.

Western Migration Oregon Trail -1840 s: Pioneers set out to settle western lands - Difficult Terrain - Bad weather - Indian attacks

Texas Independence Americans invited by Mexico to move to Texas if they: - Became Mexican citizens - Became Roman Catholics - Did not bring slaves - Americans come but don’t follow rules

Texas War breaks out between American settlers and Mexican army Stephen Austin - American leader of Texas settlement Santa Ana - Mexican leader Sam Houston - American military leader

Major Battles Alamo: -188 Texans vs 2000 Mexicans - Every Texan killed and burned San Jacinto: - Texans defeat Mexican Army and capture Santa Ana Texas becomes an independent country! - 1845: United States annexes Texas

Mexican-American War - Boundary Dispute - Mexico: Nuces River - United States: Rio Grande - Mexican troops fire on American troops in disputed territory 1846 -48: Mexican-American War

• The American victory in the Mexican War during the 1840 s led to the acquisition of an enormous territory that included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexican Cession: 500, 000 square miles of land California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado America pays $18, 000 for land

Results of the Mexican War? 1. $100, 000 and 13, 000+ American lives (disease) 2. Manifest Destiny partially realized. 3. Helps cause the Civil War a. Proving ground for Civil War Gens. 4. New territories force the SLAVERY issue to the center of national politics. 5. New territories upset the balance of power between North and South.

Impact on the American Indians • During this period of westward migration, American Indians were repeatedly defeated in violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers and forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands. They were either forced to march far away from their homes (the “Trail of Tears, ” when several tribes were relocated from Atlantic Coastal states to Oklahoma) or confined to reservations.

Territorial Growth to 1853