Unit 3 Part 3 The Birth of a

Unit 3 Part 3 The Birth of a New Nation

“Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, ……. ” l Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of l Independence

The French and Indian War (1754 -1763) l England France go to war over colonial territories l The Navigation Acts – laws that gave England control of colonial trade

The Albany Plan of Union (1754) Plan proposed by Ben Franklin for the colonies to unite for mutual defense l Rejected but is first hint at colonial unity l

British Victory in French and Indian War Britain (England) wins but is heavily in debt. l Expect the colonies to help pay cost l

Proclamation of 1763 Forbid colonial expansion further West to prevent further conflict with Native Americans l Enraged farmers who were planning on using land l

Stamp Act (1765) British tax on newspapers and legal documents l First tax on colonies by Parliament l l “No taxation without representation” – becomes slogan of revolution l Colonists refuse to buy British products

Stamp Act Congress (1765) Meeting of representatives from each colony in New York to protest actions of King l Stamp Act is repealed because of boycotts l

Declaratory Act (1767) l Parliament ‘declares’ it has the right to make decisions for and tax the colonies “in all cases”

Townshend Acts (1766) l Set of laws that further restricted colonial rights l Writs of Assistance general warrants to search any property at any time

The Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770) l British soldiers shoot into angry crowd and kill 5 colonists l Became propaganda for those who wanted revolution

The Tea Act (1773) l Gave the British East India Company an advantage over colonial merchants selling tea

The Boston Tea Party (1773) l Colonists dump English tea into Boston Harbor to protest tea act.

The Coercive/Intolerable Acts (1774) l Took away colonists civil rights, including trial by jury

The First Continental Congress (1774) l 12 Colonies send delegates (representatives) to Philadelphia to address concerns. l Send request to king demanding rights be restored

The Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 1775) l British soldiers and colonists fight first battles of Revolution. l “The shot heard round the world” – influenced independence movements around the world

The 2 nd Continental Congress (1775 -1776) l Delegates returned to Philadelphia to determine next step l Eventually decide to fight for independence

The Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 l Document declaring the colonies free from British control l

Who wrote Common Sense l Thomas Paine

l l December 23, 1776 THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. ………. . Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER" and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth.

What was the purpose of Common Sense? l To encourage REVOLUTION

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence l Thomas Jefferson

Two Purposes of Declaration l Declare independence l State the reasons why

l We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards

John Locke’s Influence on Declaration of Independence (pg 60) All men equal l All men entitled to rights l Government power comes from the people l

John Locke’s Social Contract l Government is created to secure rights of people and when it fails to do this the people have the right to abolish it.

Battles of Lexington and Concord l First battles of revolution

Battle of Bunker Hill Outnumbered colonists lose but British suffer heavy casualties. l Evidence that colonists will put up a fight l

Battle of Saratoga l Colonial victory encourages the French to officially support the colonies

Battle of Yorktown British surrounded by Colonial army and French navy l British surrender l

Treaty of Paris l Officially recognizes United States as winner and as free

What was the Articles of Confederation l 1 st Constitution of the United States

Where does a confederation place most power? l Unitary National Gov System State Gov Confederate System White Color = power

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation l Could not tax Could not regulate trade l Could not enforce laws l

Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation l Laws required approval of 9 states l Articles could not be amended (changed) without unanimous vote

Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation l No Executive Branch (no leader) l No National Court System

What were the accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation? l Won the Revolutionary War

Accomplishments under Articles l Ordinance of 1785 – system of land surveying and settling for the Northwest territory

Accomplishments of Articles l Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Most significant accomplishment Ø Set up rules for establishing territorial governments and for admitting new states into union Ø

What was Shay’s Rebellion? Rebellion of 1, 200 angry farmers led by Daniel Shay’s over taxes l People believed government could not protect them l

What did Shay’s Rebellion prove? l Government needed to be stronger