Unit 3 Organisations and behaviour Individual Behaviour 1232020

Unit 3: Organisations and behaviour Individual Behaviour 12/3/2020 1

Individual behaviour Identify nature of individual differences Explain basic theories of personality, perception, attitude Explain their significance for human behaviour at work Managerial strategies for diagnosis & control of individual behavioural problems 12/3/2020 2

Individual behaviour To manage people, you need to understand people Understand why they behave as they do May encourage/change behaviour 12/3/2020 3

We are different! Individuals behave differently Different over time, circumstances, with different people Groups behave differently than they would on their own 12/3/2020 4

Personality Total pattern of characteristic ways of thinking, feeling & behaving that constitute individual’s distinctive method of relating to environment 12/3/2020 5

Nature or nurture? Nomothetic approach Personality fixed, various elements of personality, (traits) dividing people into personality types Idiographic approach Personality develops through interaction with environment & how individual sees himself 12/3/2020 6

Traits and types consistently observable properties pick & mix from range of possible traits individuals possess different traits, different strengths trait clusters personality type 12/3/2020 7

Idiographic approach People change over time Complex product of interaction with environment & other people Self-image Personality development – mature > independence 12/3/2020 8

Personality & work behaviour Compatibility of individual personality with: task systems & management others in team 12/3/2020 9

Incompatibilities Restore compatibility Achieve compromise Understand nature of differences Modify their behaviour Remove incompatible personality 12/3/2020 10

Perception Psychological process by which stimuli or in-coming sensory data are selected & organised into patterns which are meaningful to the individual 12/3/2020 11

perception Context See what you want to see Nature of stimuli Large, bright, unfamiliar, moving, repeated (advertising) Internal factors Stimuli that match personality, needs, expectations etc Fear or trauma Avoid seeing things don’t want to see 12/3/2020 12

Perception & work behaviour You might misinterpret, avoiding awkward information, jumping to conclusions Others might misinterpret differently Get people to define situation as they see it 12/3/2020 13

Common clashes Managers & staff ‘them and us’ Work cultures Sales team v production team Race & gender Joke or offensive? Implied discrimination 12/3/2020 14