Unit 3 Ocean Ecology Ecosystem Notes Ecosystem n

Unit 3 Ocean Ecology Ecosystem Notes

Ecosystem n Rocky Coast/Tidepools n Where Found n Between high and low tide on the coast places like CA, ME, etc.

n Rocky Coast/Tidepools Producers Phytoplankton Diatoms n Dinoflagellate n Blue-green algae n n Seaweed Aka red, brown, and green algae n Aka kelp n n They are all from nasa. gov

Rocky Coast/Tidepools Notable Herbivores/Carnivores n Mollusks, such as mussels, limpets, & octopus n Echinoderms, such as sea stars & sea urchins n Crustaceans, such as crabs & barnacles n Small fish, such as clingfish and sculpin n Marine mammals, such as sea lions n Birds, such as Black Oystercatchers & Blackfooted Penguins

Rocky Coast/Tidepools Sample Adaptations n Avoid being washed away n (cling/hide n Protection in rocks) from changing environment n (temperature, moisture, salinity)

Ecosystem n Sandy Coast n Where Found n The coast – places like much of the east and gulf coasts

Sandy Coast Producers n n n Phytoplankton Seaweed Dune grass n n Grows on the dunes above the tide line Salt grass n Can tolerate the highly saline soil from nasa. gov

Sandy Coast Notable Herbivores/Carnivores Mollusks, such as clams n Crustaceans, such as crabs, shrimp, and beachhoppers n Small fish, such as topsmelt n Bloodworms n Birds, such as Kildeer and Snowy Plovers n

Sandy Coast Sample Adaptations n Avoid being washed away n (bury under sand) n Protection from changing environment n (temperature, moisture, salinity)

Ecosystem n Kelp Forest n Where n Found Mostly open ocean of 50 - 65°F

Kelp Forest Producers n Kelp! n Phytoplankton

Kelp Forest Notable Herbivores/Carnivores n Large seals variety – fish, shellfish, birds,

Kelp Forest Sample Adaptations n Camouflage n n Greens and browns Dull colors (same as the kelp) A way to stay in the kelp forest (cling/swim)

Ecosystem n Coral Reef n One of the most productive ecosystems on earth n Where Found n Between 30ºN & 30ºS latitude; n 68 to 82ºF; n shallow water; n strong wave action

Coral Reef Producers Zooxanthallae n Phytoplankton n Algae/seaweed (lots) n

Coral Reef Notable Herbivores/Carnivores n Great diversity of life from all kingdoms n Ex: parrotfish, barracudas, sharks, sea turtles, eels, dolphins, anemones, etc.

Coral Reef Sample Adaptations n n a way to break into coral warning coloration cleaner fish (clean debris/parasites from others to obtain food) schooling

Ecosystem n Pelagic Sea n Where Found n Open ocean n Divided into 3 zones: sunlight, twilight, & midnight

Pelagic Sea Producers Phytoplankton n Algae n from nasa. gov

Pelagic Sea Notable Herbivores/Carnivores n Wide variety of protists (zooplankton) and animals (fish, birds, etc).

Pelagic Sea Sample Adaptations n n n countershading (sunlight) streamlined bodies (sunlight) strong muscles (sunlight & some twilight) large eyes/pupils (twilight) bioluminescence (twilight & midnight) ability to withstand high pressure and cold temperatures (midnight)

n http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=D 69 h. Gv Cs. Wg. A

Ecosystem n Hydrothermal n Where Found n Mid ocean ridges Vent

Hydrothermal Vent Producers n Chemosynthetic bacteria

Hydrothermal Vent Notable Herbivores/Carnivores Tube worms n Pompeii worms n Crabs n Octopus n Eels n Fish n Clams n

Hydrothermal Vent Sample Adaptations n n ability to withstand great pressure high temperatures ability to withstand temperature changes

Ecosystem n Southern Ocean n Where Found n 60ºS latitude to Antarctica

Southern Ocean Producers n phytoplankton

Southern Ocean Notable Herbivores/Carnivores Krill n Penguins n Pelagic birds n Seals n Whales n Fish n etc. n

Southern Ocean Sample Adaptations n n countershading insulation n layer of fat layer of air between skin & feathers/coat oil to waterproof feathers/fur