Unit 3 Notes Blood Typing 1 Antigens Antibodies

Unit 3 Notes: Blood Typing

(1) Antigens & Antibodies • OPTIONS: A, B, Rh(+) • Membranes of RBC’s contain unique I. D. Tags (Antigens) – Antigens are membrane proteins – Unique antigens bind with Unique antibodies • Antibody: Protein produced to bind with foreign cells to stimulate immune response of lymphocytes.

(2) Agglutination • Agglutination = Binding of antigens with antibodies. – Causes a clumping of factors. – Looks like a thickening of blood. • When blood-cell antigens bind with their matching antibodies…. . AGGLUTINATION!

(3) Donating & Receiving • Who Can You Donate To? – Anyone who has ALL of the same antigens you have. – Example: Blood Type AB Can donate to AB and AB+ because they each have both A and B antigens… but they cannot donate to just A because they wouldn’t have the B antigens. • Who Can You Receive From? – Anyone whose antigens do NOT match your antibodies. – Example: Blood Type AB Can receive from A, B, and AB…. But they could not receive from AB+ because the +-antigens would react with the +-antibodies.

(4) Blood Type A & A-Positive • Type A: – RBC’s have A-antigens – Blood has B & Rh antibodies – Can Donate to: A, AB, A-Positive, AB-Positive – Can Receive from: A, O • Type A-Positive: – RBC’s have A & Rh-antigens – Blood has B antibodies – Can Donate to: A-Positive, AB-Positive – Can Receive from: A, A-Positive, O, O-Positive

(5) Blood Type B & B-Positive • Type B: – RBC’s have B-antigens – Blood has A & Rh antibodies – Can Donate to: B, AB, B-Positive, AB Positive – Can Receive from: B, O • Type B-Positive: – RBC’s have B & Rh-antigens – Blood has A antibodies – Can Donate to: B-Positive, AB-Positive – Can Receive from: B, B-Positive, O, O-Positive

(6) Blood Type AB & AB-Positive • Type AB: – RBC’s have A & B-antigens – Blood has Rh antibodies – Can Donate to: AB and AB-Positive – Can Receive from: All non-positive blood • Type AB-Positive: – RBC’s have A, B & Rh-antigens – Blood has no blood antibodies – Can Donate to: AB-Positive – Can Receive from: ALL types of blood

(7) Blood Type O & O-Positive • Type O: – RBC’s have no antigens – Blood has A, B and Rh antigens – Can Donate to: All types of blood – Can Receive from: O • Type O-Positive: – RBC’s have Rh-antigens only – Blood has A and B antibodies – Can Donate to: All positive types of blood – Can Receive from: O and O-Positive

(8) Why don’t your RBC’s produce the SAME type of antibodies? • Your blood would start agglutinating. • You produce “opposite” antibodies to recognize blood that shouldn’t be in your body!

(9) Blood Typing • Purpose: – Check blood for organ/blood donations – Test both recipient + donor • Procedure: – Mix blood with “Immune Serums” – “Immune Serum” = Liquid w/Antibodies – No Agglutination = Does NOT have those antigens – Agglutination = Those antigens present

(10) Blood Typing Example #1 • You mix some of Angelica’s blood with the following serums: – Anti-A serum – Anti-B serum – Anti-Rh serum • Angelica’s blood looks clumpy when mixed with Anti-A serum, but not Anti-B or Anti-Rh.

(11) Blood Typing Example #2 • You mix some of Michael’s blood with the following serums: – Anti-A serum – Anti-B serum – Anti-Rh serum • Michael’s blood does not look clumpy with either Anti-A or Anti-B serums, but does with Anti-Rh.

(12) Blood Typing Example #3 • You mix some of Katelyn’s blood with the following serums: – Anti-A serum – Anti-B serum – Anti-Rh serum • Katelyn’s blood looks clumpy with Anti-B serum and Rh serum, but not Anti-A.