Unit 3 Neurobiology Biological Bases of Behavior Lesson
Unit 3: Neurobiology / Biological Bases of Behavior Lesson 5: Brain Imaging, & The Brainstem, & the Limbic System • Instructions for double entry daily commentary / warm up: – Open binder to section for this unit; find & label your template. COLUMN ONE: IDENTIFY facts, information, and evidence. • I see… / It looks like…/ According to the article… COLUMN TWO: INTERPRET the document. React, ask questions, etc. • I think…/ I feel… / I wonder… What happens when What distinguishes the sympathetic the endocrine nervous system is system from the aroused? What nervous system? might trigger this What is the role of arousal? the pituitary gland? Log into kahoot. it 365430
NOW, some review: • Nerve • Neuron Structure – – – Dendrite Axon Myelin sheath Axon terminal Cell body Receptor sites • Efferent vs. afferent neurons • Neurotransmission – – – – Synaptic Gap Neurotransmitter Depolarization Hyperpolarization threshold Action potential Refractory period Reuptake • Neurotransmitters – Dopamine – Serotonin • SSRIs – GABA – Acytlcholine
PARTNER FRQ Quiz: 1) Underline each term as it appears in your response 2) Do BOTH parts. Definitions alone will not score. PART ONE: PART TWO: John slams finger in car door. Susan suffers from MDD. Apply each of the following Apply each term below in an terms to an explanation of the how the sensation of pain is neurological processes that relayed to his brain. contribute to her disorder, and to its treatment. • Afferent Neuron • Reuptake • Dendrite • Serotonin • Action Potential • SSRI • Depolarization • Synapse
Example Response • When the door slammed on John’s finger his sensory (or afferent) neuron experienced depolarization because positive ions entered the cell body. This caused action potential because it made the neuron ready to fire a signal. The signal travelled along the axon and pushed neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap, which is the space between neurons. For the pain signal to reach his brain, these neurotransmitters must bind to the receptor sites on the dendrites of a receiving neuron. • Major depressive disorder is caused by low levels of serotonin in the synaptic gaps. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for mood; low levels lead to depressed mood. SSRI’s work as a medication because they prevent reuptake of serotonin, thus forcing serotonin to remain in the synapse longer that it normally would. This elevates serotonin levels in the brain and thus elevates mood.
Unit 4: Neurobiology / Biological Bases of Behavior Lesson 6: Brain Imaging, & The Brainstem, & the Limbic System • Instructions for double entry daily commentary / warm up: – Open binder to section for this unit; find & label your template. COLUMN ONE: IDENTIFY facts, information, and evidence. • I see… / It looks like…/ According to the article… Review the FRQ you practiced writing on Friday and read my comments. COLUMN TWO: INTERPRET the document. React, ask questions, etc. • I think…/ I feel… / I wonder… Based on Friday’s Lesson: 1. What is parallel processing? 2. Give an example of what might cause the arousal of the sympathetic nervous system. What happens physiologically?
LESSON 5: The Brainstem & Limbic System Watch “the Behaving Brain” & use handout to take guided notes • Neurons: up to 4: 20 • Physiology begins at: 4: 50 • Begin guided notes with #3
Unit 4: Biological Bases of Behavior Lesson 5: Brainstem, Limbic System, & Cerebellum UPCOMING DEADLINES: • FRQ Practice: 10/16 or 17 • Paragraphs: 10/17 • Sleep Journal: 10/21 • MC Quiz: 10/21 • Unit Test: 10/24 • HW Logs: 10/21 • Superhero: 10/22 • Brain Book: 10/23 Essential Question: • How do the brainstem & limbic system influence behavior? • Assigned Reading (SEE LESSON MAP) Learning Goals this Lesson: – I can identify & describe the functions of major brain regions, lobes, and cortical areas; (Lessons 6 -7) • TURN IN: – Notes on Endocrine System (pages 65 -67) • Lesson Plan: – – Guided Notes: Behaving Brain Video Brainstem & limbic system Independent research Superhero Project
Older Brain Structures The Brainstem is the oldest part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions. 8
Brain Stem • Medulla [muh-DUL-uh] – at the base of the brainstem – controls heartbeat and breathing. • Reticular Formation is a nerve network in the brainstem • plays an important role in controlling arousal. 9
Brain Stem • Thalamus [THAL-uh-muss] – located on top of the brainstem. – the brain’s sensory switchboard – directs messages to the sensory areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla. 10
Cerebellum • The “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem. • helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance. 11
The Limbic System • doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebrum • associated with emotions such as fear, aggression and drives for food and sex. • Major structures: – Hippocampus – Amygdala – hypothalamus. 12
The Hippocampus -- limbic System structure crucial to memory formation • Key to encoding of information 13
Amygdala The Amygdala [ah-MIG-dah-la] • consists of two almond-shaped neural clusters • linked to the emotions of fear and anger. 14
Hypothalamus • Hypothalamus lies below (hypo) the thalamus. • Directs several maintenance activities: – like eating & drinking (hunger/thirst) – body temperature – Emotional control – helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. 15
Hypothalamus: Reward Center Sanjiv Talwar, SUNY Downstate Rats cross an electrified grid for self-stimulation when electrodes are placed in the reward (hypothalamus) center (top picture). When the limbic system is manipulated, a rat will navigate fields or climb up a tree (bottom picture). 16
Next 20 Minutes: Research & Writing Time • Complete your brain “cheat sheet” handout using: – Your text & handouts; & Psychsim 5 modules (links posted): • “Brain & Behavior” – this is a good one • “Dueling Brains” • “Hemispheric Specialization” • When research is done: – Write ONE paragraph describing the specific structures and functions of the brainstem. Paragraph MUST ADDRESS: • Medulla, reticular formation, thalamus, cerebellum – Write ONE paragraph describing the specific structures and functions of the limbic system. Paragraph MUST ADDRESS: • Hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala • Begin thinking about your Superhero Project.
Partner Activity: Super Hero Brains • Create and present your own superhero. 1. Select a superability for your hero/villain 2. Determine which parts of the brain that we are studying are responsible for the abilities your hero has Ø Make sure you KNOW the brain structures involved, and what each structure is responsible for 3. Create a back story that explains HOW your hero/villain gained their ability, and a SCENARIO that describes how they might use their ability
PARTNER FRQ Quiz: 1) Underline each term as it appears in your response 2) Do BOTH parts. Definitions alone will not score. PART ONE: PART TWO: John slams finger in car door. Susan suffers from MDD. Apply each of the following Apply each term below in an terms to an explanation of the how the sensation of pain is neurological processes that relayed to his brain. contribute to her disorder, and to its treatment. • Afferent Neuron • Reuptake • Dendrite • Serotonin • Action Potential • SSRI • Depolarization • Synapse
Example Response • When the door slammed on John’s finger his sensory (or afferent) neuron experienced depolarization because positive ions entered the cell body. This caused action potential because it made the neuron ready to fire a signal. The signal travelled along the axon and pushed neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap, which is the space between neurons. For the pain signal to reach his brain, these neurotransmitters must bind to the receptor sites on the dendrites of a receiving neuron. • Major depressive disorder is caused by low levels of serotonin in the synaptic gaps. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for mood; low levels lead to depressed mood. SSRI’s work as a medication because they prevent reuptake of serotonin, thus forcing serotonin to remain in the synapse longer that it normally would. This elevates serotonin levels in the brain and thus elevates mood.
Unit 4: Neurobiology / Biological Bases of Behavior Lesson 6: Brain Imaging, & The Brainstem, & the Limbic System • Instructions for double entry daily commentary / warm up: – Open binder to section for this unit; find & label your template. COLUMN ONE: IDENTIFY facts, information, and evidence. • • • I see… / It looks like…/ According to the article… COLUMN TWO: INTERPRET the document. React, ask questions, etc. • I think…/ I feel… / I wonder… What is the function of each of the following brain structures: Reticular formation Medulla Cerebellum thalamus
Theories of Emotion
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