Unit 3 Neurobiology Biological Bases of Behavior Lesson

Unit 3: Neurobiology / Biological Bases of Behavior Lesson 2: Neuron Structure & Function • Instructions for double entry daily commentary / warm up: – Open binder to section for this unit; find & label your template. COLUMN ONE: IDENTIFY facts, information, and evidence. • I see… / It looks like…/ According to the article… LEFT COLUMN: Clearly describe each step involved in passing a note from one side of the room to the other. BE SPECIFIC. COLUMN TWO: INTERPRET the document. React, ask questions, etc. • I think…/ I feel… / I wonder… THEN: Log into google classroom and complete the module I posted about neural messaging. You can wait on the google classroom form until I indicate it is time.

Unit 4: Biological Bases of Behavior Lessons 2 & 3: Neurons & Neurotransmitters UPCOMING DEADLINES: • Interview Paper: 10/26 • Quiz Lessons 1 -4: 10/27 • Review Packet Due: 11/3 • Superhero Project: 11/6 • Quiz: 11/6 Essential Question: • How do neurons send and receive messages between the brain and body? • What effect do certain neurotransmitters have on mood and behavior? Learning Goals this Lesson: – I can label parts of a neuron and describe their function – I can: explain the process of neural communication • • Start Next Unit: 11/6 • Unit 4 Test: 11/8 Assigned Reading (SEE LESSON MAP) – – – – LESSON 1: Myers 95 -113 LESSON 2: Myers 54 -60; Module #9 LESSON 3: Myers 54 -60; Module #9 LESSON 4: Myers 65 -67; Module #10 LESSON 5: Myers 65 -67; Module #10 Lesson 6: Myers 67 -74; Module #14 Lesson 7: Myers 74 -82; Module #12 Lesson 8: Myers 82 -91; Modules 12 -13 • TURN IN: – Interviews (digital audio files) – Papers due by THURSDAY • Lesson Plan: – – – Module / neuron labeling (done) Brief lecture Simulation of neuron firing Research Candy Neuron

10 Minutes to finish google form questions from yesterday using the module • Follow the link posted yesterday & resume work on the “neural messaging” module. • As you work through it: – Complete handout by labeling the neuron – By the end of class, submit the google form answering: What role do dendrites and axons play in neural transmission? Identify & describe three main types of neurons Explain “action potential” & and “depolarization” What role do sodium/potassium pumps play in repolarizing a neuron (ie. , restoring its “resting potential”) • Do your best to describe the synapse / synaptic gap • •

Upcomging Candy Neuron Activity • Build your own neuron out of candy – Groups of 3 – NEED TO DECIDE WHAT SUPPLIES EACH GROUP MEMBER WILL BRING • We’re making these TOMORROW • Acceptable building materials: – Candy – Tape, glue, string, yarn, paper, pipe cleaners, rubber bands, twist ties, etc.

Candy Neuron Expectations & Teams • Expectations: – A classmate forgot their candy? SHARE YOURS! Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4 Team 5 Team 6 Team 7 Team 8 Team 9

CANDY NEURON – Bring materials you can use to CREATE THIS: When done, submit your responses in google classroom to the questions I have posted there.

Neural Communication The body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called neurons. 7

Neural Communication Neurobiologists and other investigators understand that humans and animals operate similarly when processing information. Note the similarities in the above brain regions, which are all engaged in information processing. 8

Neuron A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts. 9

Parts of a Neuron Cell Body: Life support center of the neuron. Dendrites: Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive messages from other neurons. Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin [MY-uh-lin] sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons. Terminal Branches of axon: Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons. 10

Glial Cells: the Myelin Sheath • Glial cells: – form the myelin sheath – provide support and nutrition for neurons – Astrocytes provide nutrition to neurons. – Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells insulate neurons as myelin. Astrocytes 11

Afferent v. Efferent Neurons • Afferent – sensory neurons • Efferent – motor neurons – (think “effort / efferent) • Interneurons – transmit information between neurons

Action Potential A neural impulse. A brief electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane. 13

Depolarization & Hyperpolarization Depolarization: Depolarization occurs when positive ions enter the neuron, making it more prone to firing an action potential. Hyperpolarization occurs when negative ions enter the neuron, making it less prone to firing an action potential. 14

Threshold: Each neuron receives currents from many neurons. When the depolarizing current (positive ions) minus the hyperpolarizing current (negative ions) exceed minimum intensity (threshold) the neuron fires an action potential. 15

Action Potential Properties All-or-None Response: When the depolarizing current exceeds the threshold, a neuron will fire. If the depolarizing current fails to exceed the threshold, a neuron will not fire. Intensity of an action potential remains the same throughout the length of the axon. 16

Refractory Period & Pumps Refractory Period: After a neuron fires an action potential it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire again. Sodium-Potassium Pumps: Sodium-potassium pumps pump positive ions out from the inside of the neuron, making them ready for another action potential. 17

Neurotransmitters (chemicals) released from the sending neuron travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing it to generate an action potential. 18

Synapse [SIN-aps] a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. This tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft. 19

Simulated Neural Firing

Candy Neuron Activity • Build your own neuron out of candy – Groups of 3 – Make sure to LABEL each part of your neuron & indicate its function – Best neuron will earn bonus points. • Acceptable building materials: – Candy – Tape, glue, string, yarn, paper, pipe cleaners, rubber bands, twist ties, etc.

CANDY NEURON – Build Time

TODAY’s PLAN & Assignments DUE • Lesson Plan – Daily commentary – Brief lecture – Simulation of neuron firing – Label parts of a neuron – Candy Neuron • HOMEWORK Assigned: – ON DESK • Reading Journal 4. 2 – For tonight: • RJ 4. 3 – Griggs 33 -42 – Myers 55 -58