Unit 3 Industrial Revolution 9 2 Industrialization BELLWORK

Unit 3: Industrial Revolution 9. 2 Industrialization BELLWORK: Watch the clip and tell me why is the Industrial Revolution relevant to today? What will we learn today? 10. 1. 3 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution. 10. 1. 4 Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement.

Unit 3: Industrial Revolution - 9. 2 Industrialization Objectives • Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization • Examine the growing tensions between the middle and working classes • Identify positive effects of the Industrial Revolution • Describe Manchester as an industrial city.

Essential Question • Did the industrial revolution do more harm or more good?

Big Idea The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems.

Check for Understanding What are three factors of production?

Check for Understanding Where did the Industrial Revolution start?

Check for Understanding What are three reasons the Industrial revolution began in England?

Industrial Revolution • Period marking the introduction of mass production, improved transportation, technological progress, and the industrial factory system that started in England in the late 18 th century. • Resulted in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to largescale factory production.

Just for fun…

Industrialization Changes Life • By the 1800’s, people could earn higher wages working in factories than on farms. • They could now afford to heat their homes with coal, eat beef, and wear better clothes. • City populations swelled with waves of new job seekers.

Urbanization • For centuries Europeans lived and worked in rural areas. • After 1800, the balance shifted toward cities. • This shift was caused by the growth of factories concentrated in a central location. • Between 1800 and 1850, the number of European cities with populations over 100, 000 grew from 22 to 47. • This period is known as a period of urbanization.

Manchester Ø Factories were built near sources of energy. Ø The largest growth occurred in England. London became Europe’s largest city with over one million people. Ø Other cities developed and grew as well. Ø Manchester- textile manufacturing centers Ø Manchester grew from 45, 000 in 1760 to 300, 000 by 1850.

The Mills of Manchester ØThe city of Manchester England is a perfect example of the successes and problems of the Industrial Revolution. ØThe city’s rapid and unplanned growth made it an unhealthy place for poor people who lived and worked there.

– Poor housing – Crime – Filth – Pollution – Disease and death

Fifth Avenue in New York City on Easter Sunday in 1900

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London’s rapid growth made water supply an important issue. Large amounts were drawn from the Thames, but its increasingly polluted state became a major concern. The Southwark Water Works was particularly notorious. Public health reformer Sir John Simon dismissed its water as the ‘filthiest stuff ever drunk by a civilized community’.

Check for Understanding What is a rural area?

Check for Understanding Why did people move from farms to cities?

Check for Understanding Why was someone much more likely to live longer in the countryside?

Ø Overcrowding Ø Poor housing Ø Crime Ø Filth Ø Pollution Ø Disease and death

• Working Conditions were VERY harsh • 14+ hours a day • 6 days a week • Little or no breaks • Factories were dark and dangerous • Many were killed or injured • No job security • Women and children were employed in because they were the cheapest source of labor.

Orphans were the ones subject to this slave-like labor. The factory owners justified their absence of payroll by saying that they gave the orphans food, shelter, and clothing, all of which were far below par. The children who did get paid were paid very little.

Children were also punished for arriving late for work and for talking to the other children.

In some factories children were dipped head first into the water tank if they became drowsy

Children were usually hit with a strap to make them work faster.

One common punishment for being late or not working up to the work assigned would be to be ''weighted. '' An overseer would tie a heavy weight to worker's neck, and have him walk up and down the factory aisles so the other children could see him. This punishment could last up to an hour. Weighting led to serious injuries in the back and the neck.

• Children who ran away from the factory were in danger of being sent to prison. • Children who were considered potential runaways were placed in irons.

Crippled Children from Industrial Accidents

• Broke up production into small, repeatable tasks. • Make process quick, efficient.

The Assembly Line • Charlie Chaplin, Modern Times

Change in industry brought many benefits for British – – Coal heats homes Better food Better clothing Caused the growth of the Middle Class the

Social Class ØGrowing middle class of factory owners, shippers, merchants and managers ØUpper class aristocracy is resentful of rich middle class ØLower middle class of overseers and skilled workers ØCommon workers underpaid and over worked

• Though poverty gripped England’s working class, the Industrial Revolution created enormous amounts of wealth in the nation • Tensions developed due to the large gap between the rich and the poor

Check for Understanding Why did factory owners use women and children?

Check for Understanding What social class increased during the Industrial Revolution?

Check for Understanding How did the rich feel about this new powerful middle class?

Summary

Pre- Industrial Revolution The Cottage Industry New Discoveries New Improvements Agriculture Revolution Textile Improvements British Advantages Size of Cities Results The Industrial Revolution 1740 -1914 Living Conditions Working Conditions Social Class

Project Time • 15 points for each section • 25 points for appearance • 100 points total • DUE: October 18