Unit 3 Global Interactions 1200 1650 Global History

Unit 3: Global Interactions (1200 -1650) Global History II Review 1

Early Japanese Feudalism • Geography: Mountainous Archipelago • Forced Japan to be Isolated from Asia • Shintoism – Traditional religion of Japan – Worshiped Kami- spirits found in everything • Cultural Diffusion from Korea and China – Chinese writing – Buddhism (Zen Buddhism) and Confucianism 2

Early Japanese Feudalism • Feudal Japan (1100 s) – Similar social structure to European system • Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants, Merchants • Samurai lived by a Code of Bushido (loyalty) • Tokugawa Shogun – Centralized feudal government – Cultural advances • Kabuki theater • Haiku poetry 3

Mongols and Their Impact • Rise of the Mongols (1100 s) – Genghis Khan expanded empire (military) – Conquered Eastern Europe to Middle East – Conquered China under Kublai Khan (1279) • Yuan Dynasty absorbed Chinese society – Mughal Dynasty ruled India • Akbar the Great was tolerant to Hindu beliefs 4

Mongols and Their Impact • Mongol Impact – Destroyed and Conquered much of Asia – Russia: Absolutist Government and Isolation – China: Prosperity – Pax Mongolia and Global Trade • Silk Road brought wealth (traders like Marco Polo) • Decline of Mongol Empire – Too large and diverse an empire to rule – Deaths of strong leaders 5

Global Trade and Interactions • Expansion of Chinese Trade – 1405 -1433 Zheng He explored SEA for the Ming Dynasty trading Silk and porcelain • Major Trade Routes – Indian Ocean: trade between Asia and Africa • Mogadishu becomes a major trade center – Overland Trade: Silk Road – Mediterranean Sea 6

Global Trade and Interactions • Resurgence of European Trade (1300 s) – Crusades inspired trade with Asia and ME – Italian City-States emerged as trade centers for items coming to Europe from Asia – Trade fairs took place where trade routes met – Hanseatic League- trade on North and Baltic • The Bubonic Plague (Black Death) – – Came from Asia through trade caravans Killed much of European population Weakened economy and status of the Church Decline of feudalism 7

Resurgence of Europe • Commercial Revolution – Growth of towns and a middle class – Formation of guilds (trade unions) – Capitalism developed – Development of banking systems – System of feudalism declined as serfs moved to cities for economic opportunities 8

Resurgence of Europe • Renaissance (1300 s to 1500 s) – Rebirth of knowledge from Greco-Romans – Humanism- focus on the present – Artistic achievements flourished • Italy: Michelangelo & Da. Vinci, Flemish painters – Literature developed and flourished • Used Vernacular language • Focused on life • Shakespeare and Machiavelli (The Prince) 9

Resurgence of Europe • Printing Press (1456) – Mass production of books – Increased literacy rates – Spread ideas rapidly • Causes of Reformation (1520 s) – Ideas of the Renaissance (Humanism) – Kings seeking to gain power from Church – Corruption and Abuses in the Church 10

Resurgence of Europe • Protestant Reformation – Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses sparking discussion and change – John Calvin builds on ideas of Luther – Henry VIII breaks with Church over annulment • Counter (Catholic) Reformation – Catholic Church attempted to keep Catholics and convert others – Little change within the Church 11

Resurgence of Europe • Rise of Nation-States – Growth of royal power in France and England – Limited monarchy in England • Magna Carta- document limited King’s power • Parliament- representative assembly – Anglican Church develops in England 12

African Civilizations • Geography – Savanna: grass lands with good soil – Desert: large part of continent (Sahara) • Traditional Society and Culture – Villages with families making up basic unit of society – Believe in forces of nature and spirits – Polytheistic 13

African Civilizations • Rise and Fall of African Kingdoms (800 -1600) – Ghana known for gold and salt trade – Spread of Islam – Mali was led by Mansa Musa (Muslim) – Songhai expanded through military conquest – Axum traded with Africa, India, and Med. Sea 14