UNIT 3 FOOD AND DRINK HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE

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UNIT 3 FOOD AND DRINK HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE Much-many- a lot of / lots

UNIT 3 FOOD AND DRINK HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE Much-many- a lot of / lots of Definig relative clauses Comparative and superlative

UNIT 3 Disposable world

UNIT 3 Disposable world

A LOT OF M / UCH / MANY Has she got many friends? Yes,

A LOT OF M / UCH / MANY Has she got many friends? Yes, she's got a lot of friends. © Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008 Are there many people in the swimming pool? Is there much ham on the plate? No, there aren't many. There are there isn't much. There are only three only two. slices.

A LOT OF /LOTS OF (MUCHO (S), MUCHA(S), UN MONTÓN DE) • We use

A LOT OF /LOTS OF (MUCHO (S), MUCHA(S), UN MONTÓN DE) • We use a lot of/lots of with plural countable nouns (e. g. books, cars, etc. ) and uncountable nouns (e. g. sugar, milk, etc. ) in all types of sentences. She's got a lot of/lots of books. There's a lot of milk in the fridge. • Note: We omit of when a lot is not followed by a noun. Are there many people in the room? Yes, there a lot.

MUCH (MUCHO / MUCH A) • We use much with uncountable nouns, normally, in

MUCH (MUCHO / MUCH A) • We use much with uncountable nouns, normally, in questions and negations. Questions: Do you drink much coffe? How much money have you got? • Negations: There isn't much sugar in the bowl. I don’t drink much coffee So you don’t normally use much in affirmative sentences (you use “a lot of”) I drink a lot of coffee

Many (muchos / muchas) • We normally use many with plural countable nouns in

Many (muchos / muchas) • We normally use many with plural countable nouns in all types of sentences. Are there many books on the shelf? There aren't many books on the shelf. So you don’t normally use MANY in affirmative sentences (you use “a lot of”) We’ve got many friends We’ve got a lot of friends

HOW MUCH (CUÁNTO /CUÁNTA) HOW MANY (CUÁNTOS /CUÁNTAS) • In questions we use how

HOW MUCH (CUÁNTO /CUÁNTA) HOW MANY (CUÁNTOS /CUÁNTAS) • In questions we use how much to ask about the amount of something and therefore, with uncountable nouns How much sugar do we need? A kilo. • We use how many to ask about the number of things and so, with plural countable nouns How many + plural countable noun How many boys are there in your class? Twenty. © Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008 How much + uncountable noun

VERY, MUCH &MANY • It is important that you distinguish between VERY, MANY and

VERY, MUCH &MANY • It is important that you distinguish between VERY, MANY and MUCH Spanish Example VERY Adjectives Muy She’s a very nice person MUCH Uncountable nouns Mucho/a I haven’t got much time MANY Countable Nouns Muchos/ as Do you have many CD’s? © Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008 You use it with…

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES PRONOUNS SUBJECT I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY OBJECT

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES PRONOUNS SUBJECT I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY OBJECT ME YOU HIM HER IT US YOU THEM POSSESSIVE MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR YOUR THEIR

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO � means WHICH � means “que” and refers

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO � means WHICH � means “que” and refers to things and people WHERE � means “que” and refers to things THAT � means “quien” and refers to people “ donde” and refers to places WHEN 3 ESO WHOSE Forget about them by now � means “ cuyo” and refers to possesion � means “ cuando” and refers to time

 Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the party yesterday? The book

Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the party yesterday? The book WHICH/THAT I’m reading is very interesting. I will never forget the day + I met my best friend that day I’ll never forget the day (WHEN/THAT) I met my This is the hotel + We are staying at the hotel next weekend: This is the hotel WHERE we are staying next weekend. The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city: The city WHERE my sister is living is interesting. You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES A. B. TWO TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES A. B. TWO TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES ( Define and give information) They give essential information about people, things or places in the main clause NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (3 ESO) THIS IS THE BOOK. / I TOLD YOU ABOUT THE BOOK LAST YEAR This is the book THAT/ WHICH I told you about last year THIS IS THE BOY. / MARY INTRODUCED ME TO THIS BOY LAST SUMMER This is the boy WHO/ THAT Mary introduced me last summer GRANADA IS A CITY IN ANDALUCIA. / RAQUEL WAS BORN IN GRANADA Granada is a city in Andalucía WHERE Raquel was born in Granada THAT/ WHICH is a city in Andalucia

In this kind of relative clauses the PRONONUN can be ommited if it doesn’t

In this kind of relative clauses the PRONONUN can be ommited if it doesn’t make the function of subject within the sentence THIS IS THE BOOK. / I TOLD YOU ABOUT THE BOOK LAST YEAR This is the book THAT I told you about last year This is the book WHICH I told you about last year This is the book I told you about last year THIS IS THE BOY. / MARY INTRODUCED ME TO THIS BOY LAST SUMMER This is the boy WHO Mary introduced me last summer This is the boy Mary introduced me last summer GRANADA IS A CITY IN ANDALUCIA. / RAQUEL WAS BORN IN GRANADA Granada is a city in Andalucía WHERE Raquel was born in Granada THAT is a city in Andalucia Raquel was born in Granada WHICH is a city in Andalucia Raquel was born in Granada is a city in Andalucia

 • Write who/that/which in the blanks. a. I met a woman who can

• Write who/that/which in the blanks. a. I met a woman who can speak six languages. WHO b. What’s the name of the man _______ lives next door? c. What’s the name of the river _______ goes through the WHICH town? WHO d. Everybody _______ went to the party enjoyed it very much. WHO e. Do you know anybody _______ wants to buy a car? WHICH f. Where is the picture _______ was on the wall? g. She always asks me questions _______ are difficult to WHICH answer. WHO h. I have a friend _______ is very good at repairing cars. WHICH i. A coffee-maker is a machine _______ makes coffee. WHO j. I don’t like people _______ never stop talking. WHICH k. Have you seen the money _______ was on the table? WHICH l. Why does he always wear clothes _______ are too small for him?

Join the sentences using who or which. a. We chose the hotel. It seemed

Join the sentences using who or which. a. We chose the hotel. It seemed to be the nicest. We chose the hotel which seemed to be the nicest. b. She spoke to the man. He was standing next to her. She spoke to the man WHO was standing next to her c. I read the letters. They came in the morning post. I read the letters WHICH came in the morning post d. He likes the other people. They work in his office. He likes the other people WHO work in his office e. She’s that singer. She was on television last night. She’s that singer WHO was on television last night f. Next week there is a festival. It happens in the village every summer. Next week there is a festival WHICH happens in the village every summer. g. I paid the bills. They came yesterday. I paid the bills WHICH came yesterday

 • 9. Complete the conversation by putting who or which into the gaps.

• 9. Complete the conversation by putting who or which into the gaps. Carol: Did you watch that programme last night? David: Which one? Carol: The programme which I mentioned a couple of days ago. It’s WHICH new series _____ started last night. David: No, I didn’t see it. Was it good? WHO Carol: Yes. It was about a group of friends _____ were at school together. Well, Rupert. . . David: Who was Rupert? WHICH Carol: He was an old student of the school _____ had become a WHICH doctor. He went to a party _____ his old teachers organised. WHO He met a lot of people _____ had been at school with him many years before. They talked about the things _____ WHICH they did when they were at school. Then suddenly, Rupert saw an old girl. WHO was dancing with John. . . friend _____ David: Don’t tell me any more. It’s getting too complicated!

- “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”: “Peter is the student WHO

- “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”: “Peter is the student WHO comes from Glasgow”. - “The books are on the table” + “They are mine”: “The books WHICH are on the table are mine”. - “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO seems to be a nice guy” - “I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a beautiful city”: - “I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a beatiful city”

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES

COMPARATIVES Comparatives are used to show the difference between two objects. Let’s say that

COMPARATIVES Comparatives are used to show the difference between two objects. Let’s say that I have two dogs. I have a little Chihuahua called RAMBO and a big Labrador WINNIE. A comparative is used to show the difference between the two. WINNIE is big so we can say “WINNIE is bigger than RAMBO”. Because RAMBO is small, we can say “RAMBO is smaller than WINNIE ”. To learn to use these we need to learn five basic rules.

 Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 SYLLABLE we add the ending –

Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 SYLLABLE we add the ending – er to the adjective. � i. e. small + er = smaller than � i. e. hard + er = harder than The ant is smaller than the hippo.

 Rule 2. If a ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVE ends with a consonant + a

Rule 2. If a ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVE ends with a consonant + a vowel + a consonant you must double the last consonant and then ad –er. i. e. big + er = bigger than i. e. fat + er = fatter than The elephant is fatter than the giraffe.

 Rule 3. If an ADJECTIVE ENDS WITH A “Y”, remove the “y” and

Rule 3. If an ADJECTIVE ENDS WITH A “Y”, remove the “y” and add –ier. i. e. happy –y + ier = happier than i. e. funny –y + ier = funnier than The girl is happier than the duck.

 Rule 4. If an ADJECTIVE HAS TWO SYLLABLES OR MORE WITHOUT A “Y”

Rule 4. If an ADJECTIVE HAS TWO SYLLABLES OR MORE WITHOUT A “Y” then add the word “more” before the word. If the adjective ends with a “y”, you will only add the word “more” if it has three syllables or more. i. e. beautiful + more = more beautiful than i. e. expensive + more = more expensive than i. e. satisfactory + more = more satisfactory than The butterfly is more beautiful than the frog.

 • Rule 5. There a few exceptions. good = better than bad =

• Rule 5. There a few exceptions. good = better than bad = worse than far = farther than

 • Remember, when using a comparative you must always follow it with the

• Remember, when using a comparative you must always follow it with the word “THAN”. The Toyota is smaller than the Ford. The Ford is bigger than the Toyota. The ant is smaller than the hippo. The elephant is fatter than the giraffe. The girl is happier than the duck. The butterfly is more beautiful than the frog.

SUPERLATIVES Superlatives are used to show the difference between more than two objects. Let’s

SUPERLATIVES Superlatives are used to show the difference between more than two objects. Let’s say that I have three animals. I have a little Chihuahua called RAMBO, a big Labrador WINNIE and an elephant called DUMBO. A superlative is used to show the differences that exist in the group DUMBO is big so we can say “DUMBO is the biggest”. Because RAMBO is small, we can say “RAMBO is the smallest”. To learn to use these we need to learn five basic rules.

 Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 syllable we add the ending –est

Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 syllable we add the ending –est to the adjective. i. e. small + est = the smallest i. e. hard + est = the hardest THE ANT IS THE SMALLEST.

 Rule 2. If a one syllable adjective ends with a consonant + a

Rule 2. If a one syllable adjective ends with a consonant + a vowel + a consonant you must double the last consonant and ad –est. i. e. big + est = the biggest i. e. fat + est = the fattest THE HIPPO IS THE FATTEST.

 Rule 3. If an adjective ends with a “y”, remove the “y” and

Rule 3. If an adjective ends with a “y”, remove the “y” and add –iest. i. e. happy –y + iest = the happiest i. e. funny –y + iest = the funniest THE ELEPHANT IS THE HEAVIEST.

 Rule 4. If an adjective has two syllables or more without a “y”

Rule 4. If an adjective has two syllables or more without a “y” then add the word “most” before the word. If the adjective ends with a “y”, you will only add the word “most” if it has three syllables or more. i. e. beautiful + most = the most beautiful i. e. expensive + most = the most expensive i. e. satisfactory + most = the most satisfactory THE AIRPLANE IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE.

 Rule 5. There a few exceptions. good = the best bad = the

Rule 5. There a few exceptions. good = the best bad = the worst far = the farthest

 Remember, when using a superlative you must always precede it with the word

Remember, when using a superlative you must always precede it with the word “THE”. The Toyota is the smallest. The Ford is the biggest. Brad Pitt is the most handsome. The airplane is the most expensive. Jim Carrey is the funniest.