UNIT 3 EXPANSION INDUSTRIALIZATION Ms Nancy Ware GPS

UNIT 3 EXPANSION, INDUSTRIALIZATION & Ms. Nancy Ware GPS 11, 12, ERA 13, 14 PROGRESSIVE 1890 -1915 Name_____________ Period_____________

SSUSH 11 The student will describe the growth of big business and technological innovations after Reconstruction. a. Explain the impact of the railroads on other industries, such as steel, and on the organization of big business. � b. Describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West; include the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor. � c. Identify John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company and the rise of trusts and monopolies � d. Describe the inventions of Thomas Edison; include the electric light bulb, motion pictures, and the phonograph, and their impact on American life �

Public Square, Gainesville, GA

11. Impact of Railroads: Build Your Background Knowledge 1. One of the largest impacts of the railroads was MOBILITY! What is the definition of mobile? What do you have today that makes YOU mobile? ? 2. Presence of railroads could bring a city economic prosperity. What is economic prosperity? HOW? 3. Railroads shaped the physical growth of cities and towns because travelers wanted the comforts of home on the road. What types of businesses do you think sprang up? 4. Railroads permitted the US Mail to be sorted while enroute to the next rail stop aboard Railway Cars. This allowed for reliable and rapid communication. Mailorder merchants via catalogs permitted people in the most remote rural areas to enjoy inexpensive consumer goods. What was the Sears Catalog? 5. Everywhere there was a railroad, there was a telegraph wire. What does this mean for communication?

11 a Growth of Big Business & Technology after Reconstruction Think - Pair - Share q How did the railroads have an impact on other industries, like the steel industry, and on the organization of other big business? q Railroads and Industry Built America q Railroads played a _____role in revolutionizing ______ and industry in the United States in several ways. § They provided a ____, more practical § § means of ______ goods & products. They ____the costs of production. They created _____ markets. They provided a _____ (template) for big business to follow. They encouraged _____ in other industries.

11 a Growth of Big Business & Technology after Reconstruction Think - Pair - Share q How did the railroads have an impact on other industries, like the steel industry, and on the organization of other big business? q Railroads and Industry Built America q Railroads played a key role in revolutionizing business and industry in the United States in several key ways. § They provided a faster, more practical § § means of transporting goods. They lowered the costs of production. They created national markets. They provided a model for big business to follow. They encouraged innovation in other industries.

11 a. Railroads and Steel~ Reading Comprehension In 1855, Henry Bessemer developed a new more efficient, less expensive method for making steel, called the Bessemer Process. The Bessemer process was built on the principle of removing the impurities from pig iron. By smelting the iron ore using oxidation (blowing oxygen through the ore), heat and a reducing chemical agent, a purer metal is produced. This new steel making process revolutionized the steel industry by decreasing the cost to produce and creating a stronger, lighter metal that could be shipped more easily and used in the construction of taller buildings. It made building railroads faster and less expensive which meant more track could be laid. 1. Who was the inventor of the Bessemer process? 2. What did the Bessemer process do to iron? 3. How did this contribute to the building of railroads? 4. How did this contribute to the creation of buildings? What do we call a really, really tall building? What else could be manufactured with steel?

Steel Industry Video & The Bessemer Process

11 b. Transcontinental Railroad: Go West Young Man! Reading Comprehension Read the following paragraph and answer the questions. q In 1862 and 1867, the Pacific Railroad Acts passed by the US Congress made the unification by railroad possible in the USA. These acts promoted the construction of the railroads by issuing government bonds and land grants to Union Pacific and Central Pacific. q In the US, the transcontinental railroad created a nation wide transportation network that united the Atlantic side of the country with the Pacific side of the nation. This railway network replaced the horse and wagon transportation of previous years, and gave merchants the opportunity to transport larger quantities of products over longer distances. With the ability to sell their products to a larger market, business profits increased in the US and fueled the era of big business. 1. Where and How did the railroad companies get assistance to build the railroads? 2. What 3 things did the transcontinental railroad accomplish in the US? 3. What was the outcome of the transcontinental railroad for businesses?

Promontory Point, Utah 1869: The Golden Spike Ø On May 10, 1869, the transcontinental railroad, extending from coast to coast, was finished with the hammering of a golden spike at Promontory Point, Utah. Ø The growth of railroads led to the development of many towns throughout the western part of the United States. Ø In 1883, the railroads adopted a national system of time zones to improve scheduling. As a result, the clocks in broad regions of the country showed the same time, a system we still use today. Ø Homework: Building the Transcontinental RR Reading Dissection

1. HW: UNIT 3: TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD MAP Fill in the names of the States that the transcontinental railroad passed through. GPD 11 A, B 2. Draw the dividing lines of the different time zones. 3. Write in all the name of the states. http: //tcrr. com/

Time Zone Map USA

11 b. Railroads in the United States 1870 Impact on Major Cites & Time Zones Activity: 1. List the Cities with the Stars along the Railroad. 2. Draw lines where the time zones are located. Label the time zones. Watch the video clip: 20 th Century: the Rise of Industry & Big Business

11 b. Describe the use of Chinese labor in building the Transcontinental Railroad ~ Reading Comprehension Irish, Italians, European Jews, and Chinese settled in concentrated communities on the West coast. They took jobs in mining and railroad construction that brought them to the American interior. � Mainly the Irish and Chinese Immigrants are credited with building the transcontinental railroad. These immigrants were hard workers, enduring dangerous conditions of hostile Native Americans, blistering heat, freezing snowstorms, and use explosives. Many immigrants lost their lives from working on the railroad. � The Chinese in particular were discriminated against for their Asian features, cultural differences, ways of dressing and language. In reality, the Chinese were intelligent, tireless workers who completed the transcontinental railroad ahead of schedule. Many white Americans were jealous and fearful of their intelligence, initiative, and ingenuity. � 1. Who is credited for building the transcontinental railroad? 2. What did these workers have to endure while building the railroad? 3. Which immigrants were discriminated against the most? Why?

11 c. Giants of Big Business! Industry Contribution

GPS 11 c Identify John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company and the rise of trusts and monopolies. � Monopolies, trusts & cartels, OH MY! Word Map Monopolies Trusts Cartels Examples Write a Sentence

Horizontal and Vertical Consolidation Coke fields purchased by Carnegie Iron ore deposits purchased by Carnegie Steel mills purchased by Carnegie Ships purchased by Carnegie Is this type of consolidation (integration) good for the consumer? Railroads purchased by Carnegie

11 c. Analyzing Political Cartoons~ J. D. Rockefeller 1. What is a monopoly? 2. What is the cartoonist trying to say with this depiction of JD Rockefeller? 3. Why is Rockefeller wearing a crown and holding the world in one hand a hurricane lamp in the other? 4. What is laying at Rockefeller’s feet?

Necessity is the Mother of Invention Write the name of the invention under/next to the picture HW: How do these impact your life? Write a 1 page reflection of what your life would be like WITHOUT one of these inventions.

Development of New Forms of Energy Edwin L. Drake Struck oil in Pennsylvania in 1859. New uses for oil grew rapidly. Oil refineries sprang up around the country as oil became a big business. Thomas A. Edison An inventor from New Jersey who experimented with electric light. Developed a workable filament for the light bulb and the idea of a central power station to make electric power widely available. Lewis Latimer Worked in Edison’s lab and patented an improved method for producing the filament in light bulbs George Westinghouse Experimented with a form of electricity called alternating current, which was less expensive and more practical than direct current, which Edison had used. By using a transformer, he improved the capabilities of power stations to make home use of electricity more practical.

11 d. Technology & IMPACT Technology & Year invented (Brief description, Inventor) Transcontinental Railroad Bessemer Process (steel) Model T/Assembly Line Steel Plow & Windmills Electric light bulb Motion Pictures Phonograph Immediate Impact Today

11 d. Technology & IMPACT Technology & Year invented (Brief description, Inventor) Immediate Impact Today Transcontinental Railroad Faster transport of people & products; took land away from Native Americans=war RR still used today to transport goods by railcar Bessemer Process (steel) Changed iron into steel by removing carbon w/air Steel=strong & lightweight~ Building RR, skyscrapers, factories US Steel is still a viable industry in the US today Model T/Assembly Line – 1 st auto in the US built by Henry Ford MT: faster transportation AL: faster production of industrial goods/mass production Still faster production of industrial goods/mass production Ford Motor Co is around 2012 Steel Plow & Windmills Farming equip. used to break up the soil & tough prairie grass in the MWest ~ mass production of crops US is the “Bread Basket of the World” meaning US produces a lot of agricultural products Electric light bulb Let there be light at night; longer factory hours leads to productivity; people no longer are regulated by the sun Everything is lit up (houses to stadiums); also many other electrical uses are invented (fans, fridge, washing machines) Motion Pictures entertainment Motion picture industry is huge all around the world Phonograph 1 st instance of recorded sound (music) Another form of entertainment ; and this begins the music industry

11 d. Describe the impact of Thomas Edison’s inventions http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_Edison_patent s � http: //edison. rutgers. edu/inventions. htm � � 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Select one of Thomas Edison's inventions from these websites. Write a one page explanation the impact this invention has had on your life. Include what it is, how it works, when he invented it, and a brief description of how he invented it. If this invention has evolved, explain how. Either draw a picture of this invention and its evolution or find pictures on the internet to show its evolution over time.