Unit 3 Biochemistry Notes Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made

Unit 3 – Biochemistry Notes - Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are made up of: – Carbon – Hydrogen – Oxygen • Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy • Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates for structural purposes

• Extra sugars are stored as complex carbohydrates Starches • Examples of Carbohydrates – Pasta – Bread – Fruit – Milk – Sugar

• Monosaccharide – Single sugar molecule – Include glucose (blood sugar), galactose (found in milk), and fructose (found in fruit) – Our example from the lab: Glucose

• Disaccharides – Made up of 2 monosaccharides – Always contain at least one glucose molecule • Sucrose (table sugar) Glucose + Fructose • Lactose (milk sugar) Glucose + Galactose – Our example from the lab: Sucrose

• Polysaccharides – Formed from 2 or more monosaccharides • Animals store extra sugar as glycogen (animal starch) • Plants use a different polysaccharide to store sugar (plant starch) • Plants also make cellulose – Gives plants strength and stiffness – Major part of wood and paper – Our example from the lab: Starch

• Polysaccharides (cont. )

Indicator Original Color Positive Result Color Type of Carbohydrate Benedict’s Solution Blue Green Monosaccharide Iodine Rusty Orange Black Polysaccharide

Solution Benedict’s Resulting Color Positive/ Negative Iodine Resulting Color Positive/ Negative Type of Carbohydrate A Green Positive Orange Negative Monosaccharide B Blue Negative Orange Negative Disaccharide C Blue Negative Black Positive Polysaccharide