UNIT 22 Onboard Passenger Operations WEEK FOUR FEBRUARY

UNIT 22 Onboard Passenger Operations

WEEK FOUR FEBRUARY 4, 2017 LEARNING OUTCOMES P 10 Explain how preventative security measures help to maintain on-board security P 11 Explain how actions taken deal with onboard security incidents

BRIEF REVIEW OF WEEK 3 CHAIN OF COMMAND IN EMERGENCY DRILLS https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yutqpup_X 4 o ( Play first 6 minutes )

P 10 How preventative security measures help to maintain on-board security

WHAT ARE SECURITY MEASURES? NOUN - measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc. Type of: guard, precaution, safeguard

WHAT ARE SECURITY MEASURES? cont. Security controls/measures are safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, detect, counteract, or minimize security risks to physical property, information, computer systems, or other assets. They can be classified by several criteria. For example, according to the time that they act, relative to a security incident: • Before the event, preventive controls are intended to prevent an incident from occurring e. g. by locking out unauthorized intruders; • During the event, detective controls are intended to identify and characterize an incident in progress e. g. by sounding the intruder alarm and alerting the security guards or police; • After the event, corrective controls are intended to limit the extent of any damage caused by the incident e. g. by recovering the organization to normal working status as efficiently as possible.

IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER • "The environment sets the tone of an organization, influencing the control consciousness of its people. It is the foundation for all other components of internal control, providing discipline and structure. Control environment factors include the integrity, ethical values, and competence of the entity’s people; management’s philosophy and operating style; and the way management assigns authority and organizes and develops its people. “ • Source: Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http: //www. gao. gov/special. pubs/ai 12. 19. 6. pdf [Accessed 28 Jan. 2017].

AIRPORT SECURITY The First Line of Defense

AIRPORT SECURITY • The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is an agency of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security that has authority over the security of the traveling public in the United States. It was created as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks.

LET’S EXPLORE Transportation Security Administration (TSA) • https: //www. dhs. gov/transportation-security-overview • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IHjl. N 5 lz. Cj. M

WHAT SECURITY MEASURES DO AIRLINES USE: BEFORE BOARDING Airport security measures can be grouped into two types; standardized screening techniques, which all passengers must undergo (e. g. , baggage X-rays, metal detecting scans); and elevated-risk screening (including pat-downs and strip searches) for which only a sub-set of passengers are selected.

WHAT SECURITY MEASURES DO AIRLINES USE: BEFORE BOARDING To protect passengers and crew, security checks are carried out on all baggage, cabin and hold baggage, as well as on all persons accessing the aircraft from airports. Explosives, incendiary substances or devices are prohibited in all checked baggage. The transport of hazardous materials, weapons and ammunition in all checked luggage is subject to special security measures and regulations.

WHAT SECURITY MEASURES DO AIRLINES USE: BEFORE BOARDING List of some prohibited items: • - Guns, firearms and other devices that discharge missiles • - Paralyzing inducing devices • - Sharp pointed or sharp edge objects • - Work Instruments and tools • - Substances, explosives or incendiary devices

SECURITY MEASURES

WHAT SECURITY MEASURES DO AIRLINES USE: A LOOK AT VIRGIN AIRLINES

WHAT SECURITY MEASURES DO AIRLINES USE: A LOOK AT VIRGIN AIRLINES Virgin’s mantra: Your flying safety and that of our aircraft and staff, is our highest priority.

Preventative Measures: Virgin Airlines Virgin never loses sight of the serious side of air travel. Its safety and security programme exceeds statutory requirements. Compliance with regulatory standards is just the foundation from which the airline works to ensure passengers’ journey is worry free. Virgin Atlantic believes that safety and security can be continuously improved. It encourages all staff to report any safety or security related issue however minor they think it may be. The airline’s Corporate Safety & Security Department reviews every report submitted to identify further areas for improvement.

Ways Virgin assures passenger safety and security All the airline’s aircraft have reinforced flight-deck doors and linked CCTV equipment It deploys a range of overt and covert protective measures, including Behavioural Detection, to maximise security It operates a self-test programme to ensure the robustness of its security It conducts joint audits and inspections with their regulators

WAYS VIRGIN ASSURES PASSENGER SAFETY AND SECURITY cont. The airline is a member of the Department for Transport's Aviation Security Compliance Forum The airline’s pilots are selected and trained to the highest standards All the aeroplanes are maintained and developed by a dedicated and professional team of Engineers who are renowned for their excellence

WAYS VIRGIN ASSURES PASSENGER SAFETY AND SECURITY cont. Virgin has the most current and accurate data to make informed judgements when it comes to assessing security threats and safety risks. The airline will never operate a flight unless it believes it is safe to do so. It also enjoys excellent relationships with governments, regulators, air traffic service providers, law enforcement organisations and safety and security agencies worldwide, working with them to ensure the integrity of aviation safety and security.

WAYS VIRGIN ASSURES PASSENGER SAFETY AND SECURITY cont. Virgin encourages passengers to play a part in contributing to its work to maximise safety. It relies on passengers to contribute to a safe and secure environment on board by ensuring that its behaviour is appropriate, as the airline will not tolerate behaviour that disrupts fellow customers’ enjoyment of their flight. Most of all, Virgin expects passengers to observe the safety briefings, be familiar with the safety cards and the location of exits, and to follow the instructions of the crew.

P 11 ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS

LET’S EXPLORE Crew Member Self Defense Training Program https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Jd 0 t. Mt. Erts. A https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=PPT 1 Lp 5 xhac How flight attendants deal with unruly passengers Travel on NBCNews com • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=c. ZKKZa. PKbm. M Pilot Takes Down Drunk Passenger Who Shoved Female Flight Attendant On Plane • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Uda. HQUb 82 Ic Jet Blue Pilot Restrained by Passengers • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ej. Ys. Gudfaw. Q

ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS cont. • Flight crew members are no longer able to exit the flight deck area in order to assess a problem or to assist in resolving such matters. Responsibility to assess the situation and respond now lies in the hands of the Cabin Crew. • Cabin Crew will invariably have early knowledge of an incident involving a disruptive/unruly passenger. Such incidents can arise from various stress factors that develop prior to and during flight.

ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS cont. • In any developing incident in the aircraft; the SCC/Purser and flight crew should be notified immediately. Cabin Crew should communicate the type and level of threat, the number of disruptive/unruly passengers and their physical description, any weapons, assigned seat numbers. • Lines of command should be kept very simple when there is a disruptive passenger situation.

ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS cont. Clear and simple communication between the Cabin Crew and the Flight Crew is crucial to coordinate teamwork and successfully defuse an incident which could affect the safety of the flight, the aircraft and persons on board. The Flight Crew should be updated regularly on the progress of the situation by Cabin Crew. The Flight Crew should relay this information to the ground immediately as per their company procedures and/or the State’s requirements.

ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS cont. : POST FLIGHT The Pilot in Command should report whenever a serious passenger disruption occurs during flight, according to company policy. If deemed necessary, the operator might request to be met on arrival by local law enforcement authorities and a representative of the air carrier if they consider that criminal prosecution is desirable. The crew should record contact information of all passengers who witnessed the incident, as their testimony might be required in later legal proceedings.

ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS cont. : POST FLIGHT The perpetrator should be held by the authorities until an air carrier representative properly debriefs the crew. It should then be decided if charges are to be brought against the perpetrator. The air carrier should file a Report of an Incident of Unlawful Interference/Seizure. If charges are to be brought, all crew members should be prepared to undergo police or aviation authority debriefings. Statements of evidence might also be required for judicial proceedings.

ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS cont. : POST FLIGHT In addition to alerting law enforcement authorities, the air carrier will also have to notify the State of Registry of the aircraft, the State of the Operator and States whose citizens were killed or injured. ICAO will also have to be notified if it is judged that the event is an Act of Unlawful Interference under the ICAO definition. However, this will normally be done by the competent Authority of the States involved.

ACTIONS TAKEN TO DEAL WITH ONBOARD INCIDENTS cont. : POST FLIGHT When an incident occurs, there could be lasting effects on the staff involved. Post-incident management plays a crucial part in the successful handling of unruly passenger incidents. When employees are made aware that an incident is handled properly, including postincident, it reassures them and encourages them to act according to the company policy and SOPs in future incidents. Open information sharing, such as informing crew/staff members involved in the case of the final outcome (e. g. legal action, police action, and possible court decision), is an important consideration.

LET’S EXPLORE • FULL ARTICLE FOR FURTHER READING • http: //www. iata. org/whatwedo/safety/Documents/Guidance-On-Unruly. Passenger-Prevention-And-Management-1 st-Edition. pdf

Source Sans. edu. (2017). Security Controls. [online] Available at: http: //www. sans. edu/cyber-research/security-laboratory/article/secur controls [Accessed 26 Jan. 2017]. Vocabulary. com. (2017). security measures - Dictionary Definition. [online] Available at: https: //www. vocabulary. com/dictionary/security%20 measures [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017]. Caen-airport. com. (2017). Caen Airport : Airport security measures. [online] Available at: http: //caen-airport. com/airport-security measures [Accessed 25 Jan. 2017]. Virginatlantic. com. (2017). Safety and security | Plane safety, flying safety | Virgin Atlantic. [online] Available at: http: //www. virginatlantic. com/bb/en/travel-information/your-wellbeing-onboard/safety-and-security. html [Accessed 24 Jan. 20 prezi. com. (2017). 2. 2 Security measures taken In-flight and Post flight. . [online] Available at: https: //prezi. com/pwpwpxmt_y 6 f security-measures-taken-in-flight-and-post-flight/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http: //www. iata. org/whatwedo/safety/Documents/Guidance-On-Unruly-Passenger-Preventio And-Management-1 st-Edition. pdf [Accessed 30 Jan. 2017].