UNIT 20 Substance Abuse Copyright 2011 Delmar Cengage

Key Terms • • • ADHD Dependency Euphoria Obesity Tolerance Withdrawal Copyright © 2011

Substance Abuse • Negative effects – – – – Increase in insurance costs Absenteeism from work or school Waste of human potential Decline in worker productivity Increase in crime Increase in personal and property damage Increased taxation Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Contributing Factors • • Poverty Family problems Peer pressure Curiosity Copyright © 2011 Delmar,

Contributing Factors Did you know? Not everyone who drinks becomes an alcoholic, and not everyone who abuses substances becomes an addict. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Alcohol and the Elderly • Interacts with approximately 50% of most common prescription medications • Signs are more subtle and nonspecific in elderly Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Alcohol and Children • Number one drug problem among American children • First drink usually around age 12 • 3. 3 million problem drinkers in 14– 17 -yearold age group • Children who use alcohol before age 15 have a higher risk of having drug problems later in life Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Alcohol during Pregnancy • Most commonly abused substance in females of childbearing age • May cause spontaneous abortion or fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) • NO safe limits of alcohol in pregnancy • As little as three drinks per day increases risk of complications in pregnancy Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Symptoms of FAS • • • Prenatal growth retardation Postnatal growth retardation Mental retardation Facial abnormalities Cranial abnormalities Developmental delay Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Nicotine • 60 million U. S. smokers age 12 and older • Found in cigarettes and chewing tobacco • Highly addictive • Cigarette smoke has carbon monoxide and tar • Ways to quit smoking – – Cold turkey Gradual decrease Patches or gum Medications (Zyban) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Club Drugs • • • MDMA (Ecstasy) GHB Rohypnol Ketamine Methamphetamine LSD Copyright ©

Inhalants • Most common in young children, middle school students, and teens • Sometimes used with club drugs • May cause brain damage, hearing loss, or death Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Amphetamines • Legal uses – Obesity – Narcolepsy – ADD • Names – –

Amphetamines • Intended effects – – Increased alertness Elevation of mood Appetite reduction Decrease

Amphetamines • Signs of abuse – – – – Dilated pupils Talkativeness Agitation Dizziness Change in BP and heart rate Pallor or flushing Chills and fever Abdominal pain Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Amphetamine Withdrawal • • • Long, disturbed sleep Intense hunger Deep depression Possible suicide

Methamphetamine • Symptoms similar to amphetamines, but more pronounced • Effects last 6 to 8 hours • May cause violent behavior (continues) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Methamphetamine • • Smoked: almost immediate reaction Injected: almost immediate reaction Snorted: high within 3 to 5 minutes Oral ingestion: high within 15– 20 minutes (continues) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Methamphetamine Did you know? Pseudoephedrine, a commonly used decongestant, is frequently used in “meth labs. ” Many states now have restrictions on the sale of pseudoephedrine. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cocaine • Names – – – – • Signs of use Snow Blow Coke Nose candy White girl Crack Rock – – – Dilated pupils Increased vital signs Excitement Perforated nasal septum Chills and fever Runny nose (continues) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cocaine l l Effects begin in as little as few minutes Usually taken by snorting High peaks within 15– 20 minutes High subsides within 1 hour Did you know? Cocaine has a legal use as a surface anesthetic. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Crack Cocaine • Converting cocaine to purified form that is smoked • Appears in brown or beige clumps • High begins in as little as 10 seconds • High lasts 5– 25 minutes, followed by deep depression (continues) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Crack Cocaine Did you know? Crack can cause addiction in as little as 2

Barbiturates • Legal for use as – – Anticonvulsants Sedatives Hypnotics Antianxiety • Names – – – – Barbs Blue devils Downers Goofballs Yellow jackets Red devils Blues Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Signs of Barbiturate Use • • • Warning! Slurred speech Barbiturates should never be Confusion discontinued abruptly. Abrupt discontinuation can be fatal! Poor coordination Drowsiness In high doses, coma, respiratory arrest, circulatory collapse, death Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Opiates • • Legally used as pain relievers Derived from poppy plants High potential for abuse Prescription meds include morphine, codeine, Demerol, and Dilaudid Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Heroin • • • Names: junk, smack Schedule I drug High risk of AIDS

Heroin • Withdrawal – – Symptoms begin within 4 to 6 hours from last dose Symptoms peak at 24– 72 hours Symptoms may last for 7– 10 days Drug cravings last for months Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Marijuana • Names: grass, pot, weed, Mary Jane, reefer, roach, tea • Marijuana and hashish derived from hemp plant • Psychic effect comes from THC (continues) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Marijuana • Effects – – – – Euphoria Lower inhibition Talking, laughing Poor coordination Altered perception Increased pulse Decreased lung function Increased appetite Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Marijuana Risks • Aggravation of heart disease or hypertension • Psychological dependence in approximately

Marijuana Risks Did you know? Marijuana: Doesn’t normally cause physical dependence or withdrawal Helps relieve nausea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy Reported to be beneficial in treatment of glaucoma Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PCP • • Names: angel dust, whack, wet, mist Legal for use in veterinary medicine Found as powder, tablet, or capsule Often added to marijuana cigarettes (continues) Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PCP • Effects – Causes hallucinations: some pleasant, some not – “Fantasy-like” effect –

LSD • • Acid Schedule I drug Can cause bad “trips” Alters perceptions: “hear”

Prescription Drug Abuse • • Estimated 9 million abusers over age 12 Growing problem for teens and young adults Health care workers at high risk Health care workers must help prevent and stop • Three classes are commonly abused – Opioids – CNS depressants – Stimulants Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Signs of Substance Abuse in the Workplace • • • Deteriorating performance Poor attendance or absenteeism Change in attitude or physical appearance Increasing health and safety hazards Emerging domestic problems Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.