Unit 2 Vocabulary Population and Migration Migration Vocabulary

Unit 2 Vocabulary Population and Migration

Migration Vocabulary • Migration; form of relocation diffusion involving a permanent move to a new location • Emigration; migration FROM a location • Immigration; migration TO a location • Net migration: the difference between the level of emigration and the level of immigration • Net in and net out migration • Assimilation: the process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture • Acculturation: when one group of people adopt the culture traits of another culture • Takes 3 years

Migration Vocabulary • Mobility; all types of movement from one location to another • Circulation: short term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that reoccur on a regular basis • Refugee; People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group or political opinion • Chain Migration – the migration of people to a specific location, because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Population Vocabulary Epidemiology; Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people Epidemiologic transition; distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition Pandemic; disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

Population Vocabulary • Enclosure Movement: consolidation of small farms into larger ones. Forced millions of people to emigrate from rural areas • Population projection-A prediction of future populations based on demographic data. • Population Distribution- Where people are living. • Cohort-A group

Population Vocabulary • Population Explosion-A rapid increase in an areas population. • Sustainability-Able to be maintained • Carrying Capacity-Maximum number of people and environment can support. • Fertility: the ability to produce life

Population Vocabulary Agricultural revolution: the time when human beings 1 st domesticated plants and animals and no longer had to rely on hunting and gathering Industrial Revolution: a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods Medical Revolution: medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives

Vocabulary Terms • Demography – the scientific study of population characteristic • Ecumene – the portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent settlement

3 facts about population growth More people are alive at this time – 61/2 billion – than at any other point in Earth’s History The world’s population increased at a faster rate during the 20 th century than ever before in history All global population growth is concentrated in LDC’s

Where is the World’s population? Population concentrations • How population is distributed – concentration and density • What regions have the biggest populations? East Asia, Southeast Asia, Western Europe • Which is the most Urban?

Overpopulation the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living local scale – threat in some regions of the world but not in all of them. Some have a good balance between population and resources

Population Density Arithmetic Density • Total number of people divided by the total land area (population density) • Answers the “Where” question Looking at the number of people per area of a certain type of land is the “Why” question Physiological Density • The number of people supported by a unit of arable land • Arable – land suited for agriculture • The higher the physiological density the greater the pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food • Size of the population in relation to the availability of resources

Agricultural density The ratio of the # of farmers to the amount of available land. • Helps to account for economic differences MDC’s have a lower agricultural density because technology and finance allow a few people to farm extensive land areas and feed many people

Key issue 2 Where has the World’s Population Increased? Increase quickly in places where more people are born than die Increase slowly in places where the number of births exceeds the number of deaths by only a small margin Declines in places where deaths outnumbers births Increases when people move in and decreases when people move out

Crude birth rate (CBR) Total number of live births in a year for every 1, 000 people alive in a society • Example – a CBR of 20 means that for every 1, 000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a 1 year period

Crude Death Rate (CDR) Total number of deaths in a year for every 1, 000 people alive in a society

Natural Increase Rate (NIR) % by which a population grows in a year excluding migration NIR = CBR – CDR after converting the two measures from 1, 000 to percentages (# per 100) • Example – is the CBR is 20 per 1, 000 and the CDR is 5 per 1, 000 then the NIR = 15 per 1, 000 or 1. 5% (2 -. 5 = 1. 5)

How much a % is If we multiply the NIR of 1. 2% by the global population of 6. 6 billion the result is an extra 80 million people per year If it dropped by 1% it would still increase by 66 million people a year If it increased by 2% the world population would increase to 132 million per year

Doubling Rate The number of years it takes to double a population, assuming a constant rate of NIR At a rate of 1. 2% the world would double in 54 years At this same rate, by 2100 the world’s population would be 24 billion The NIR exceeds 2. 0 in most countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East Highest CBR is the same countries that have the highest NIR all are LDC’s

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) The average number of children a women will have throughout her child bearing years Attempts to predict the future behavior of individual women in a world of rapid cultural change

What are some reasons MDC’s have a lower TFR then LDC?

Mortality Infant Mortality rate (IMR) the annual # of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births Usually per 1, 000 births rather than as a % Highest rates are in LDC’s, Lowest are in MDC’s Comparable to Health Care

Life expectancy Measures the amount of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels More favorable in MDC’s

Population Pyramids • Usually shows the % of a total population in 5 year age groups, with the youngest group (0 -4) at the bottom and the oldest at the top • The length of the bar represents the % of total population contained in that group. • Males on the left and females on the right • Shape is determined by the CBR in the community o If there is a high CBR the base is very broad o If there is a large number of older people, the graph has a wider top and looks more like a rectangle than a pyramid

Age Distribution • Dependency ratio: the # of people who are too young (014) or too old (65 and older) to work, compared with the # of people in their productive years. o Larger % = more financial burden • 1/3 of people are under 15 years old in LDCs o Strain on work for hospitals , schools, daycares o Have to get jobs much sooner • 1/6 of the population is under 15 in MDCs

Sex Ratio • # of males per 100 females • Slightly more males then females CBR but also higher in CDR • Turn to page 63