Unit 2 Review 600 B C E 600

Unit 2 Review 600 B. C. E. – 600 C. E.

Key Concept 2. 1: The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions • As empires grew, religions developed and transformed o Provided ethical code o Influenced political (merged at times), economic and social structures o Could lead to conflict • Development of existing traditions o Judaism from the Hebrew scriptures o Hinduism from the Vedic texts • New belief systems o o o Buddhism Confucianism Daoism Christianity Greco-Roman philosophy

Key Concept 2. 1: The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions • Belief systems affected gender roles • Continued cultural traditions of core civilizations o Shamanism & Animism o Ancestor reverence • Cultural developments in art, literature, drama and sculpture o Greek plays o Indian epics o Greco-Roman influence • Development of distinct architectural styles o Greece o The Roman Empire

Key Concept 2. 2: The Development of States and Empires • Number and size of states grew dramatically Southwest Asia: Persian Empire East Asia: Qin and Han Empires South Asia: Maurya and Gupta Empires Mediterranean region: Phoenicia and it’s colonies, Greek city-states and colonies, and Hellenistic and Roman Empires o Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya city-states o Andean South America: Moche o o • Developed new administrative techniques o Centralized government o Elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies o Used militaries • Developed supply lines • Built fortifications, walls and roads • Drew military officers and soldiers from local populations • Diplomacy

Key Concept 2. 2: The Development of States and Empires • Empires promoted trade o Built roads o Issued currency • Built cities o Centers for trade o Religious centers o Political administration • Stratified patriarchal social structures • Collapsed due to overextension o Excessive mobilization of resources damaged the environment o External problems (security issues along the frontiers)

Key Concept 2. 3: Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange • Transregional trade routes o o Eurasian Silk Roads Trans-Saharan caravan routes Indian Ocean sea lanes Mediterranean sea lanes • Local trade routes o America o Oceania • New technologies o o o Yokes Saddles Stirrups Lateen sails Dhow ships

Key Concept 2. 3: Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange • Domesticated animals o o Horses Oxen Llamas Camels • Exchanges of technology, disease and culture o Irrigation techniques • The qanat system o Disease pathogens • Rome o Religious transformations • Christianity • Hinduism • Buddhism