Unit 2 Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev a Russian

Unit 2 Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev • a Russian chemist and inventor • formulated the Periodic Law • created a version of the periodic table of elements • predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered

Periods • A row of elements in the periodic table whose elements change gradually and predictably. – 7 periods – Period # = # of shells • Period 1 = 1 shell • Period 2 = 2 shells • Period 3 = 3 shells • Etc, etc

Periods

Groups (Families) • Columns in the Periodic Table that contain elements that have similar physical or chemical properties. – 18 groups – Elements have same # of valence e • Ex. Group 13 has 3 valence e

Groups

• Called FAMILIES because these elements are most similar to each other! Like siblings they are most alike! • Lets Practice!!!

Who is most like this Model?

Who is most like this Model?

Reactivity and Valence Electrons • electrons located in the valence shell • # of valence e- will determine the chemical properties of the atom including REACTIVITY • Reactivity- is a measure of how much a substance tends to react with other things • The more Valence e’s the more stable (LESS REACTIVE) and HAPPY (Noble Gases) • The less valence e’s the MORE REACTIVE and EXPLOSIVE or UNHAPPY (Alkali Earth Metals)

Metals • An element that has luster, is malleable, ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity • Most are solids – Some are liquids (Mercury and Neptunium) • 91 metals

Nonmetals -Gases or brittle solids -Poor conductors -Only 17 nonmetals -include elements vital to life (P, C, O, I, N, S) Sulfur Chlorine Carbon

Metalloids -an element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmetals. -6 metalloids Silicon

Color Your Periodic Table Not part of notes I. Label the periods. (1 -7) II. Label the groups. (1 -18) III. Color metals blue. IV. Color non-metals yellow. V. Color metalloids green. VI. Create a key to show what each color represents.

Color Your Period Table Not part of notes I. Label the periods With Rings (1 -7) II. Label the groups (1 -18) III. Label all groups/families with # of Valence e. IV. Black out transition Metals V. Color groups according to ROYGBV I. III. IV. V. VIII. VI. Group 1 Red Group 2 Red Orange Group 13 Orange Group 14 Yellow Group 15 Green Yellow Group 16 Green Group 17 Blue Group 18 Purple Shade groups dark to light with darkest starting at the bottom to represent Atomic Mass VII. Draw happy/sad/neutral/angry faces to represent reactivity. (Happy=Full, angry =Least Full)

Group 1(Alkali Metals) -Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr -1 valence e-very reactive metals (except H-non-metal) Conductors Li Na

Sodium Potassium Lithium Rubidium Cesium

Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals) -Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra - 2 valence e-very reactive metals (less reactive than group 1) Conductors Mg Be

Magnesium Calcium Barium Radium Beryllium Strontium

Group 13 (The Boron Family) • • • B, Al, Ga, In, Tl 3 valence e. All metal except B (metalloid) Conductors Boron semi conductor B AL

Group 14 (The Carbon Family) • • C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb 4 valence e. Nonmetals: C Metalloids: Si, Ge Metals: Sn, Pb Conductors Semi-conductors insulators Si C

Group 15 (The Nitrogen Family) • • N, P, As, Sb, Bi 5 valence enonmetals: N, P Metalloids: As, Sb Metal: Bi Conductors Semi-conductors insulators P N

Group 16 (The Oxygen FAMILY) -O, S, Se, Te, Po -6 valence e-Non-metals -Insulators S

Group 17 (The Halogen/Halides Family) • • F, Cl, Br, I, At 7 valence e. All nonmetal except At (metalloid) “salt-formers” F Cl

Bromine Fluorine Chlorine Iodine

Group 18 (The Noble Gases) • He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • Full Valence shells=Stable • Rarely combine with other elements He

Transition Elements • Groups 3 -12 • All metals • Include the Inner Transition Elements – Lanthanide Series – Actinide Series

Halogens Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Noble Gases

Transition Elements Inner Transition Elements