Unit 2 Onsite storage and processing Onsite storage

Unit 2 Onsite storage and processing

On-site storage • On-site: the function concerned with the solid waste at the generation level • Handling: separation of waste into their different types based on the putrescible nature • On-site handling: it involves family members, community members to know how to handle waste properly at this level • On-site storage: the temporary collection of waste at the household level. The essential fact is that waste is stored in proper container

• Salvage” means the controlled removal of material from the solid waste stream for recycling, composting or transformation.

Segregation of municipal solid waste • Waste segregation means dividing waste into • Wet waste • Dry waste-cans, aluminium foils, plastics, metals, glass, paper, batteries, dried plant etc. , • Wet waste-food stuff, vegetable peels, etc. ,

Objectives of sorting • Separate recyclable material-reuse • Recovery of materials and energy • Hazardous waste-separate landfills • Minimization-reduction in landfill space

Segregation of waste in to following two streams • Biodegradable waste • Non-biodegradable waste • Recyclable – plastics, paper, glass, metals… • Toxic – old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide container… • Soiled – hospital waste – cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids Municipal solid waste Management and Handling Rules 2000, waste must be segregated into following three types • Organic waste – tea leaves, egg shells, meat, bones • Recyclable waste – paper, shampoo bottles, glass, wires, safety pins • others – terapacks, thermocols, carbon paper

Method of segregation/sorting • Manual sorting • Semi-mechanized sorting • Fully mechanized sorting

Manual sorting • Unloading • Manually spreading • Hand picking – waste – reuse • Collecting – stockpiling the remaining waste

Semi-mechanized sorting • Unloading of waste • Loading of waste on conveyor belts • Handpicking of waste off the belts for reuse • Collecting, stocking and reloading the remaining waste

Fully – mechanized sorting operation • Unloading of waste • Size reduction – shredder & crusher • Size separation – screening devices • Density – separation • Magnetic – separation of waste • Compaction of waste through balers/crushers • Reloading of waste

History of Municipal solid waste

In 500 BC, the Athens organized the first municipal landfill in the western world and required waste disposal to be at least one mile from city walls. Back to Timeline

In 1388, English Parliament puts a ban on waste disposal in public waterways and ditches. Waste disposal methods involve simply throwing garbage out of windows and doors. Back to Timeline

A new invention in Nottingham, England called “The Destructor” provides the first incineration of MSW. Back to Timeline

The first incinerator in the US is built on Governor’s Island, New York. Back to Timeline

In 1898, Colonel Waring, New York City street cleaning commissioner, creates a solid waste management program that ends ocean dumping , institutes mandatory household separation of wastes, and begins the first recycling program. Back to Timeline

In 1899, the Rivers and Harbors Act began requiring the Army Corps of Engineers to regulate the dumping of debris In navigable waters and adjacent lands. Back to Timeline

Municipal Solid Waste Management becomes a norm in 1902. By this time, 72% of US cities provided trash collection. Back to Timeline

The nation’s first major aluminum recycling plant opens in 1904. Back to Timeline

In 1916, cities switched from horsedrawn waste collection vehicles to motorized ones. Back to Timeline

Through the 1940’s, Americans collected rubber, paper, scrap metal fats, and tin cans in order to help the war effort. Back to Timeline

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) publishes the standard guide to sanitary landfilling. Visit the ASCE website: www. asce. org Back to Timeline

The Solid Waste Disposal Act, the nation’s first federal MSW Management law is passed in 1965. The goals of this act were to: 1) Promote the demonstration, construction, and application of solid waste management and resource recovery systems that preserve and enhance the quality of air, water and services. 2) Provide technical and financial assistance to state and local governments and interstate agencies in the planning and development of resource recovery and solid waste disposal programs. 3) Promote a national research and development program for improved management techniques; more effective organizational arrangements; new and improved methods of collection, separation, recovery, and recycling of solid wastes; and the environmentally safe disposal of of nonrecoverable residues. 4) Provide for the promulgation of guidelines for solid waste collection, transport, separation, recovery, and disposal systems. 5) Provide for training grants in occupations involving the design, operation, and maintenance of solid waste disposal systems. Back to Timeline

The Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 was ammended in 1970 by Public Law 95 -512, the Resources Recovery Act of 1970. This act emphasized that the main focus should be shifted from disposal as its primary objective, to recycling and reuse of recoverable materials in solid wastes, or to the conversion of wastes to energy. Back to Timeline

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developed in 1971. Visit the EPA website at: www. epa. gov Back to Timeline

In 1976, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was Passed setting specific guidelines for solid waste storage, treatment, and disposal. This act included both hazardous and solid waste. Back to Timeline

In its review of Philadelphia vs. New Jersey the US Supreme Court invalidates a New Jersey law excluding out-of-state waste from public and Private landfills. Back to Timeline