Unit 2 Human Geography are unified by a

Unit 2: Human Geography

are unified by a physical or human geographic factors • Ex: Biomes, Climate zones Regions • Functional Regions – spatial systems that are defined by an interaction or connectivity • Ex: Business districts, spheres of influence • Perceptual Regions – less structured and are constructed around a reality that is perceived by the people living in the area or the general society • Ex: Chinatown, Rust Belt

• Primary Activities – focused on raw extraction of natural resources • Secondary Activities – manufacturing goods Economic Activities • Tertiary Activities – service sector; Ex: transportation, Sanitation • Quaternary Activities – information processing and management; Ex: Finance, Computer industry • Developing country rely on primary and secondary activities • Developed Countries rely on tertiary and quaternary activities

Governments • Democracy – ultimate power is derived from the people • Dictatorships – entire political power is invested in one individual or group • Ex: Cuba. North Korea • Monarchy – power vested in individual typically through heredity • Constitutional Monarchy – shared power between monarch and representative • Ex: Britain, Netherlands

• Republic – Head of government is not a monarch • Democratic – U. S. , Australia • Theocratic – Religious law, Iran • Parliamentary – Britain • In China representatives are chosen at local level, local level officials then vote for national leaders, all chosen from communist party • Totalitarianism – form of dictatorships that seeks to control all aspects of social life within a country

• Free Enterprise – production of goods and services are determined by consumer demands for products Economic Systems • Private ownership of businesses and economic decisions • Socialist – government ownership and operation of large scale industries • Communist – government control of all economic decisions

Human Geography • Culture – attitudes, values, knowledge, and behaviors shared by a particular group which are taught to successive generations • Human Development Index (HDI) - ranking of nations done by the United Nations based on a composite data; intended to measure human development • HDI provides data which allows for a glimpse of current conditions as well as an examination of long term trends • GDP

• High infant mortality rate, low literacy rates, and low life expectancy = less developed nations • High literacy rate, low infant mortality rate, and high life expectancy = developed nations