Unit 2 Cultural Values and Achievement Orientations David

Unit 2 Cultural Values and Achievement Orientations David Yun Dai, Ph. D. UAlbany-State University of New York Acknowledgements: Professor Yong Zhao of University of Kansas contributed to this presentation 1

Zhao & Meyer (2014) r = -. 18 Consistent negative correlations between PISA (national sum) & r = -. 53 Entrepreneurial intent/efficacy/activity 2

“閾值效應” （threshold effect） 東亞國家地區與最先進國家地區的差異 PISA GII 香港 533 57 新加坡 555 59 韓國 543 56 日本 529 53 中国 514 47 瑞士 英國 瑞典 芬蘭 美國 506 500 496 523 488 68 62 62 62 60 二次函數（quadratic function） 3

Discussion: How do we interpret these correlations? -- Positive correlation b/w PISA & Innovation -- Positive correlation b/w Self-Expression & innovation -- Negative correlation b/w PISA & entrepreneurship 6

Achievement orientations in East Asia Education as the means to an end (survival mode: social and material success) Achieving through conforming to prevailing social norms and standards of excellence rather than personal goals and individual agendas (socially-oriented achievement motivation; Yu, 1996) Preference for institutionalized pathways to success (from keju, gaokao, to weiqi and classic music) 7

东亚成就动机取向不利于个性化和创造力发展 • Intrinsic motivation • Individualization • Unconventional pathways to success • Art：Manet and the birth of impressionism • Silicon Valley: Being pushed to “rebel” Tolerating failures 8

When East meets West … Intel Science Talent Search (now Regeneron) ◦ 2014 -2016 60% finalists Asian descent Asianization (亚裔化) 的美国著名高中 ◦ 校长的忧虑…PISA 背后的隐忧 Discussion: Should we be happy or worried about our great showing on PISA? Are we catching up on entrepreneurship? 9

Talent in Innovation-Driven Economy 新兴经济体面临的挑战 Status of BRICS： Factor-Driven Economy: India, Russia Efficiency-Driven Economy：China，South America，Brazil （GEM 2016 Report） China: In transition to innovation-driven economy 10

Astonishing Learning Curve of AI: “Alpha. Go Zero” in 2017 －－人 智能的惊人的学习速率 Source: Silver, D. et al. (2017, October) Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge. Nature, 550, 354 -371. doi, 10. 1038

The 10 -Year Rule No Longer Works? Undergraduate 2011 -2013; Julian Schrittwieser （left, Alpha. Go 团队主要成员) Joined Deep. Mind 2013; published in Nature, 2016, & 2017

Creativity in an AI age Discussion Yuval Harari: Few Supermen and the majority fools? Creativity a necessity in the age of AI?

Discussion: Can we do just fine? Two education prototypes: Exploring the unknown or mastering the well-known ◦ Makerspace vs. Classic Music Training ◦ The“传道、授业、解惑”Model outdated？ Top-down vs. bottom-up approaches to Innovations ◦ 举国体制（top-down）vs. distributed incubators (bottom-up) 14

貝索斯的vision 15

Work is learning and vice versa 16

Study, create, and enjoy 17

Work like kindergarten 18

Conclusion To become an innovation-driven economy takes a change of culture ydai@albany. edu www. david-dai. net 19