Unit 2 Atomic Theory Structure Section 2 Distinguishing

  • Slides: 15
Download presentation
Unit 2: Atomic Theory & Structure Section 2 – Distinguishing Among Atoms

Unit 2: Atomic Theory & Structure Section 2 – Distinguishing Among Atoms

Introduction Just as apples come in different varieties, a chemical element can come in

Introduction Just as apples come in different varieties, a chemical element can come in different “varieties” called isotopes.

Atomic Number Atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the

Atomic Number Atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. It equals the number of electrons. Element Atomic # # of p+ # of e- 6 6 6 Phosphorus 15 15 15 Gold 79 79 79 Carbon

Mass Number Mass number is the number of protons AND neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number Mass number is the number of protons AND neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Mass # = p+ + n 0 Name p+ n 0 e- Mass # Oxygen - 18 8 33 10 42 8 18 15 16 33 15 75 31 Arsenic - 75 Phosphorus - 31

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different masses due to varying numbers

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different masses due to varying numbers of neutrons. Isotope Hydrogen– 1 (protium) Symbol 1 Protons Electrons Neutrons 1 1 0 1 1 1 2 H 1 Hydrogen-2 (deuterium) 2 H 1 Hydrogen-3 (tritium) 3 1 H Nucleus

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different masses due to varying numbers

Isotopes are atoms of the same element having different masses due to varying numbers of neutrons. Isotope Names Hydrogen - 1 Mass # (p+ + n 0) Isotope Symbols 1 H 1 Mass # (p+ + n 0) Atomic # (p+, e-)

Mass of Atoms • One atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as 1/12 th

Mass of Atoms • One atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as 1/12 th the mass of a carbon-12 atom. • One amu is nearly, but not exactly, equal to one proton and one neutron.

Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of

Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element. Isotope Symbol Composition of the nucleus % in nature Carbon-12 12 C 6 protons 6 neutrons 98. 89% Carbon-13 13 C 6 protons 7 neutrons 1. 11% Carbon-14 14 C 6 protons 8 neutrons <0. 01% Carbon = 12. 011

Using Atomic Mass to Determine the Relative Abundance of Isotopes The atomic mass of

Using Atomic Mass to Determine the Relative Abundance of Isotopes The atomic mass of copper is 63. 546 amu. Which of copper’s two isotopes is more abundant: copper-63 or copper-65? Copper-63 The average is closer to 63 than it is to 65.

Using Atomic Mass to Determine the Relative Abundance of Isotopes Boron has two isotopes:

Using Atomic Mass to Determine the Relative Abundance of Isotopes Boron has two isotopes: boron-10 and boron 11. Which is more abundant, given that the atomic mass of boron is 10. 81? boron-11 10. 81 is closer to 11 than it is to 10

Steps to Calculate Atomic Mass HONORS 1) Divide % abundance by 100 to make

Steps to Calculate Atomic Mass HONORS 1) Divide % abundance by 100 to make it a decimal. 2) Multiply the mass of each isotope by the decimal abundance. 3) Add the products from part 2. Example: Isotope Mass (amu) % Abundance Carbon-12 Carbon-13 12. 000 13. 003 98. 89 1. 11 (12. 000)(0. 9889) = 11. 87 (13. 003)(0. 0111) = 0. 144 12. 01 amu Decimal abundance 0. 9889 0. 0111

Calculating Atomic Mass HONORS Element X has two natural isotopes. The isotope with a

Calculating Atomic Mass HONORS Element X has two natural isotopes. The isotope with a mass of 10. 012 amu (10 X) has a relative abundance of 19. 91%. The isotope with a mass of 11. 009 amu (11 X) has a relative abundance of 80. 09%. Calculate the atomic mass of this element. for 10 X: For 11 X: (10. 012)(0. 1991) = 1. 993 (11. 009)(0. 8009) = 8. 817 10. 810 amu

Section Quiz 1. Isotopes of an element have a. the same mass number. b.

Section Quiz 1. Isotopes of an element have a. the same mass number. b. different atomic numbers. c. the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. d. the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons.

Section Quiz 2. How many neutrons are in sulfur-33? a. 16 neutrons b. 33

Section Quiz 2. How many neutrons are in sulfur-33? a. 16 neutrons b. 33 neutrons c. 17 neutrons d. 32. 06 neutrons

Section Quiz HONORS 3. If sulfur contained 90. 0% sulfur-32 and 10. 0% sulfur-34,

Section Quiz HONORS 3. If sulfur contained 90. 0% sulfur-32 and 10. 0% sulfur-34, its atomic mass would be a. 32. 2 amu b. 32. 4 amu c. 33. 0 amu d. 35. 4 amu

Atomic Structure Modern Atomic Theory Modern Atomic TheoryAtomic Structure Modern Atomic Theory Modern Atomic Theory
IB Chemistry ATOMIC THEORY Atomic Structure Atomic StructureIB Chemistry ATOMIC THEORY Atomic Structure Atomic Structure
Atomic Structure Basic Atomic Structure Basic Atomic StructureAtomic Structure Basic Atomic Structure Basic Atomic Structure
Unit 3 Atomic Theory Structure Modern Atomic TheoryUnit 3 Atomic Theory Structure Modern Atomic Theory
Atomic and Nuclear Physics Atomic structure Atomic StructureAtomic and Nuclear Physics Atomic structure Atomic Structure
Atomic Theory Structure Atomic Theory Developed over 2000Atomic Theory Structure Atomic Theory Developed over 2000
Atomic structure Atomic Structure The structure of theAtomic structure Atomic Structure The structure of the
Atomic structure Atomic Structure The structure of theAtomic structure Atomic Structure The structure of the
Unit 2 Atomic Theory Structure Average Atomic MassUnit 2 Atomic Theory Structure Average Atomic Mass
ATOMIC THEORY REVIEW VOCABULARY AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE UNITATOMIC THEORY REVIEW VOCABULARY AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE UNIT
Unit II Atomic Structure Obj 1Daltons Atomic TheoryUnit II Atomic Structure Obj 1Daltons Atomic Theory
Analogizing and Distinguishing Fact Patterns Distinguishing Hazelwood fromAnalogizing and Distinguishing Fact Patterns Distinguishing Hazelwood from
Atomic Structure Unit 3 Atomic Structure If aAtomic Structure Unit 3 Atomic Structure If a
Unit 4 chapter 4 ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atomic StructureUnit 4 chapter 4 ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atomic Structure