Unit 17 Dental Assistant Skills 17 1 Identifying

Unit 17 Dental Assistant Skills

17: 1 Identifying the Structures and Tissues of a Tooth § Odontology: study of the anatomy, growth, and diseases of the teeth § Teeth are accessory organs of the digestive tract § Aid in mastication (chewing) of food Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2

Two Sets of Teeth § Dentations: sets of teeth § Primary or deciduous dentition § Permanent or succedaneous dentition Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3

The Tooth § § Crown Root Cervix Apex Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4

Tissues of the Tooth § § Enamel Cementum Dentin Pulp Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5

Periodontium § § Structures that surround and support teeth Alveolar process or ridge Periodontal ligament Gingiva or gums Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6

Dental Care § Disease can affect the teeth and supporting structures § Dental care – Preventing and treating dental disease – Preserving and prolonging the life of the teeth Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7

7: 2 Identifying the Teeth § § Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8

Primary or Deciduous Teeth § First set of teeth – called “baby” teeth § 20 teeth – Ten maxillary (upper) • • • 2 central incisors 2 lateral incisors 2 cuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars – Ten mandibular (lower) • • • 2 central incisors 2 lateral incisors 2 cuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9

Classification of Teeth Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10

Permanent or Succedaneous Teeth § Second or permanent set of teeth § 32 teeth – 16 maxillary (upper) • • 2 central incisors 2 cuspids 2 first bicuspids 2 second bicuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars 2 third molars (wisdom teeth) – 16 mandibular (lower) • • 2 central incisors 2 cuspids 2 first bicuspids 2 second bicuspids 2 first molars 2 second molars 2 third molars (wisdom teeth) Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11

17: 3 Identifying Teeth Using Numbering Systems § Universal Numbering System: abbreviating form of identifying teeth § Federation Dentaire International System: another method of numbering teeth, most widely used system in Canada and European countries. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12

Universal Numbering System Permanent Teeth (1 -32) Primary Teeth (A-T) Starting at the maxillary right third molar Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13

Federation Dentaire International System Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14

17: 4 Identifying the Surfaces of the Teeth § § Anterior and posterior teeth Crown surfaces Suggested abbreviations, p. 482 Line angles of teeth, p. 482 Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15

Identifying the Surfaces of the Teeth (continued) § Point angles of teeth, p. 482 § Anterior teeth line angles and point angles § Posterior teeth line angles and point angles Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16

17: 5 Charting Conditions of the Teeth § Conditions of the teeth are often charted on dental charts or insurance forms § Forms, symbols used, abbreviations, and other factors vary § Dental charts are legal records § Dental charts § Anatomic diagrams Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17

Charting Conditions of the Teeth (continued) § § Geometric diagrams Surfaces of teeth Charting guidelines Common symbols for anatomic or geometric diagrams § Recording treatments or services § Common abbreviations used for services rendered Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18

17: 6 Operating and Maintaining Dental Equipment § Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for operation of equipment § Infection control § Dental light § Air compressor § Oral evacuation system or central vacuum system Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19

Operating and Maintaining Dental Equipment (continued) § § § Assistant’s cart Tri-flow or air-water syringe Saliva ejector High-velocity oral evacuator Cuspidor Doctor’s cart Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20

Operating and Maintaining Dental Equipment (continued) § Low-speed handpiece (conventionalspeed) § High-speed handpiece (ultraspeed) § Maintenance of low-speed and high-speed handpieces Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21

Summary § Responsibilities for care and maintenance of dental equipment will vary § Dental assistant should learn exactly what maintenance is expected as a part of the job § Read specific manufacturer’s instructions for equipment you will handle Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22

17: 7 Identifying Dental Instruments and Preparing Dental Trays § § § § Methods for setting up dental trays Organization of trays Main parts of a dental hand instrument Standard instruments Guidelines for preparing dental trays Examples of tray set-ups Basic principles for preparing dental trays Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23

17: 8 Positioning a Patient in the Dental Chair § Designed to position patient comfortably while providing doctor and assistant easy access to oral cavity § Headrests § Supine position § Chair controls § Cleaning chair § Principles of seating patient in dental chair Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24

17: 9 Demonstrating Brushing and Flossing Techniques § Using correct brushing and flossing techniques is essential to prevent dental disease § May be responsible for teaching patients § Correct brushing and flossing is one method of prophylactic care Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25

Demonstrating Brushing and Flossing Techniques (continued) § § § § Purposes Demonstrations Bass method Five surfaces on each tooth Toothbrushes Toothpastes or dentifrices Dental floss Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 26

Summary § Correct brushing and flossing provides prophylactic care § Give thorough explanation to all patients § Make sure patient understands procedures § Asking patient to demonstrate procedures is a good way to determine if all points have been learned Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 27

17: 10 Taking Impressions and Pouring Molds § Impression – Negative film reproduction of a tooth, several teeth, or a dental arch – Taken to form a model of the area for restoration treatment that will take place outside of the mouth – Common materials used to take impressions Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28

Alginate § Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material § Advantages § Disadvantages § Alginate powder § Basic principles for taking alginate impression § Storage of alginate material Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 29

Rubber Base or Polysulfide § Elastomeric impression material that is elastic and rubbery in nature § Three types are available § Can be used in any type of dental impression § Not as subject to dimension changes as alginate Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 30

Rubber Base or Polysulfide (continued) § Models should be poured promptly if possible § Disadvantages § Basic principles of preparing rubber base Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 31

Polysiloxane or Polyvinylsiloxane § § § Improved silicone material Available in different material qualities Supplied in two tubes Advantages Disadvantages Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 32

Models or Casts § Positive reproduction of the arches or teeth that is created from the negative impression § Serves as basis for construction § Gypsum products – Plaster – Stone Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 33

Models or Casts (continued) § Basic principles for use of gypsum products § Basic principles for pouring models § Trimming models Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 34

17: 11 Making Custom Trays § Impression trays that are made to fit patient’s mouth § Materials used to produce trays § Acrylic resins difficult to remove from mixing containers § Basic principles for making custom trays § Always observe standard precautions Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 35

17: 12 Maintaining and Loading an Anesthetic Aspirating Syringe § § § § Types of anesthesia Topical anesthesia Types of injections for local anesthetics Medications Carpules Aspirating syringe Observe standard precautions Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 36

17: 13 Mixing Dental Cements and Bases § Cements and bases used in variety of dental procedures § Terminology § Types of products § Basic principles of mixing cements and bases Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 37

17: 14 Preparing Restorative Materials § Restoration: process of replacing a diseased portion of a tooth or a lost tooth by artificial means § May include filling material, crowns, bridge, denture, partial denture, or implant § Dental caries or decay § Amalgams and composites Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 38

Summary § Read manufacturer’s instructions before preparing any restorative materials § Take care to avoid contamination of materials in containers § Observe standard precautions while performing any dental procedure Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 39

17: 15 Developing and Mounting Dental X-Rays § § Dental X-rays or radiographs Types of dental radiographs Developing films Mounting X-rays Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 40