Unit 16 Japans manufacturing belt Japans manufacturing belt

Unit 16 Japan’s manufacturing belt

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? The Manufacturing Belt Stretching for about 1 000 km from Tokyo along the southern coast of Honshu through the Inland Sea to Nagasaki in Kyushu.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? The Manufacturing Belt 70% of Japan’s manufacturing by value and 58% of manufacturing employment are found.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? The Manufacturing Belt 1. Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo Bay 2. Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay 3. Hanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka Bay 4. Setouchi around the Inland Sea 5. Kitakyushu in northern Kyushu

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? Keihin on the Kanto Plain around Tokyo Bay It is also called Tokyo-Yokohama Region. The heart of the zone is the Kawasaki and Yokohama harbour area, a large industrial belt along the northwestern shore of Tokyo Bay. Factories have been built for the manufacture of such goods as automobiles, machinery, electrical equipment, textiles, and processed foods.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? Chukyo on the Nobi Plain around Ise Bay The industrial centre is in Nagoya. Airline, railway, shipping, and highway connections are extensive. Chukyo occupies an important place in Japan's industrial scene because of its high standing in the production of textiles, ceramics, and motor vehicles.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? Hanshin on the Osaka Plain around Osaka Bay Bordered by Osaka Bay to the southwest and bisected by the Yodo River, the area consists of a floodplain interspersed with hills. Produce iron and steel, machinery, transport equipment, and electrical appliances.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? Setouchi around the Inland Sea Most industrial activity occurs in cities located on the Inland Sea coast. Railway, highway, and shipping connections in the area are extensive. Chemical plants and heavy industries, including iron, steel, transport machinery, and petrochemicals were developed.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Where are the heavy industries in Japan? Kitakyushu in northern Kyushu Kita-Kyushu is one of Japan's leading manufacturing centres and is the one in which heavy industry is most prominent. It specializes in iron and steel, metal, heavy chemicals, cement, and glass.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’? Relief Lowland areas Hokkaido Japan is a mountainous country with limited lowland. Honshu Inland Sea Kanto Plain Nobi Plain Shikoku Osaka Plain Kyushu Three major plains are: the Kanto Plain, the Nobi Plain and the Osaka Plain. Kanto Plain is the most extensive lowland in Japan and constitutes the most productive and populous area of the country.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Relief Belt’? Reclamation can be carried out in the bays to provide new lands for further development.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Labour Belt’? Persons / km² Below 100 Hokkaido 101 - 200 Over 200 Honshu Kanto Plain Nobi Plain Osaka Plain Shikoku Kyushu Over 80% of Japan’s population live in urban cities most of which are found in southern Honshu.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Market Belt’? Over 5 million people Hokkaido 3 -5 million people 1 -3 million people 0. 25 -1 million people Honshu Tokyo Shikoku Kyushu Osaka A large population with a high living standard can mean a big local market for manufactured goods.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Household Income and Expenditure of Japan (1984 -2000) Belt’?

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Transport Belt’? Land transport is very convenient in southern Honshu. Road and railway are well developed. Commuter train

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Sea Transport Belt’? Nagata Shinkansen Big cities, also ports and industrial centres Tokyo t of ts duc pro als teri ma sh por Nagasaki Co l asta raw Ferry pier Kitakyushu Fukuoka ng i p ip t of por Shimonoseki Ex Nagoya Kobe Osaka Im Fukuyama Takasaki km

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Air Transport Belt’? All Nippon Airways

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’? Historical factor The southern Honshu coastal areas and the areas around the Inland Sea have always been the most prosperous parts of Japan. Kyoto The region has been better developed socially and economically than other places in the country.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Why do heavy industries concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Benefits from concentration Belt’? The savings resulting from having a great variety of industries located together in one region are known as agglomeration economies. 1. Bulk purchasing of materials in large quantities means savings as the cost is cheaper. 2. It attracts a large labour force of many varied skills. 3. The supply of raw materials may be much easier. 4. Educational institutions may exist to provide valuable services to the industries.

Japan’s manufacturing belt Benefits from concentration How industries founded in a region? Starting point Certain geographical advantages e. g. coal deposit More attractive to migrants and new industries More factories More population Establishment of some industries Demand improvement of services and facilities

Japan’s manufacturing belt Should manufacturing activities concentrate in the ‘Manufacturing Belt’? The need for dispersion 1. Competition has raised the price of materials, land labour 2. Congestion 3. Urban problems How to solve? Dispersion of industries away from the ‘Manufacturing Belt’ Dispersion direction

Japan’s manufacturing belt Terms to learn • Agglomeration economies (集聚經濟效益) -- the savings of industrial enterprises resulting from being located within an industrial region • Konbinato ( 業集聚) -- a Japanese term for the concentration of manufacturing industries • Bulk purchase (整批購買) -- buying something in large quantities