UNIT 14 INTEGRATION INCLUSION AND TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD

UNIT 14 INTEGRATION, INCLUSION AND TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD Grammar and vocabulary (with key)

VOCABULARY • Read the text on pages 85 and 86. • Refer to page 88 (Vocabulary) for any new words or phrases. • Do exercises III and IV on pages 86 and 87.

Exercise III page 86 (Key) Match the words in column A with the words in column B to get phrases from the text • Transition services • Early intervention • Collaborative consultation • Co-teaching • Full inclusion

Exercise IV pages 86 and 87 (Key) Match the phrases from exercise III with appropriate definitions a) placing all students with disabilities in general education classrooms – full inclusion b) services available to older students with disabilities, which help them in transition from adolescence to adulthood – transition services c) an approach in which a special educator and a general educator collaborate to come up with teaching strategies for a student with disabilities – collaborative consultation d) an approach in which a special and a general educator work side-by-side in a classroom – co-teaching e) recognizing a disability and starting education or treatment early in life – early intervention

GRAMMAR ARTICLES (pages 88 and 89)

ARTICLES Means: Introduces: Use it with: a(n) one of many a new item of information singular countable nouns the only one(s) or the particular one(s) items we have mentioned before or when the speaker and listener know which items we are talking about countable and uncountable nouns no article all or that quantity is uncertain or unimportant things in a general sense uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns

COMPARE THE USE OF ARTICLES IN THESE SENTENCES: There’s a supermarket in most towns nowadays. We buy most of our food from the local supermarket. Have you got a pen? The pen is by the phone. I don’t like the music my brother plays. Music helps me to concentrate when I’m working. We planted the trees in our garden five years ago. Trees are easily damaged by pollution. The cheese is in the fridge. Help yourself to cheese and biscuits. People used to believe the moon was a goddess.

SPECIAL USES OF ARTICLES we use a(n) with: we use the with: we use no article with: jobs definitions exclamations oceans, seas and rivers regions groups of islands (the Philippines) names of countries that include a word such as Republic, Kingdom, States or Emirates we say the sea, the coast, the seaside, the country, the mountains, the hills deserts and mountain ranges superlatives and ordinals classes of people (with adjectives) lakes continents, most countries, states, cities, towns and villages ! but we say: the Netherlands, The Hague buildings and locations that use the name of their town in the name (Manchester Airport)

FIXED EXPRESSIONS Some fixed expressions use the and some use no article: We travel by train / bus. We have lunch / dinner at one. We listen to the radio. BUT We watch television. We play the guitar (a musical instrument) BUT We play tennis (a sport) We go to the cinema, theatre etc.

EXERCISE VI page 87 (Key) Fill in the gaps with a/an, the or x (no article) 1. 2. IDEA is a federal law of the United States. *special use (with geographical terms) x normalization is a key principle of x integration *normalization and integration are both uncountable nouns – we cannot use a/an! 3. Students with disabilities should be placed in the least restrictive environment. *the used with a superlative form 4. It is very important to recognize a child with disabilities as early as possible. *one of many 5. Many professionals point out the importance of transition services for older students with disabilities. *the followed by of-phrase 6. A residential school is a school where exceptional students live and learn. *definition of a singular countable noun 7. x students with disabilities prefer special to general schools. *students in general 8. An infant is a baby or a very small child up to the age of two. *definition of a singular countable noun 9. In x Denmark 99% of students with learning disabilities are placed in general education classrooms. *special use (with geographical terms) 10. The principle of full inclusion is not supported by all teachers. *the followed by of-phrase

Extra exercise SUPPLY a(n), the OR X (for no article) • 1. ___Thames flows into ___ North Sea. • 2. They have been to ___ Europe and ___ Far East. • 3. I was in ___ France last year, I visited ___ Paris. But I have never been to ___ United Kingdom. • 4. My parents spend their holidays by ___ coast, but I prefer walking in ___ mountains. • 5. The plane landed at ___ Manchester Airport. • 6. I have always wanted to climb ___ Alps and cross ___ Sahara. • 7. I had a room overlooking ___ Lake Geneva. • 8. I am ___ doctor.

• • • 9. ___ department store is a shop which sells a wide range of goods. 10. What ___ exciting film! 11. ___ rich get richer and ___ poor get poorer. 12. You are ___ first. 13. I usually travel by ___ train. 14. We have ___ lunch at one. 15. She is listening to ___ radio, and he is watching ___ television. 16. Mary plays ___ piano. She can also play ___ tennis. 17. Let’s go to ___ cinema!

Extra exercise (Key) SUPPLY a(n), the OR X (for no article) • • 1. The Thames flows into the North Sea. 2. They have been to x Europe and the Far East. 3. I was in x France last year, I visited x Paris. But I have never been to the United Kingdom. 4. My parents spend their holidays by the coast, but I prefer walking in the mountains. 5. The plane landed at x Manchester Airport. 6. I have always wanted to climb the Alps and cross the Sahara. 7. I had a room overlooking x Lake Geneva. 8. I am a doctor.

• • • 9. A department store is a shop which sells a wide range of goods. 10. What an exciting film! 11. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 12. You are the first. 13. I usually travel by x train. 14. We have x lunch at one. 15. She is listening to the radio, and he is watching x television. 16. Mary plays the piano. She can also play x tennis. 17. Let’s go to the cinema!