Unit 1 Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763

Unit 1: Three Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1763 Pages 22 -37

B. C. E. and C. E. B. c. e. means, “before the common era, ” and refers to time periods from the beginning up until 0. Also know as b. c. C. e. means the “common era, ” and refers to time periods from 1 until present day. Also known as a. d. Do not be confused, write these down and everything will be ok!!

What Three Worlds? ? ? This should have been your very first question. What is your second question? ? WHEN DOES THE BEGINNING START? ? ? This is your second question. Remember to question what you read!! Answer to first question-- Europe, Africa, and America’s

Group Work Divide into your groups and look at the timeline and picture on page 25. You are to speculate about what emotions the Native Americans felt as they watched the ship approach, and write them down. Next, as a group, construct three questions the Native Americans might want to ask the people on the ship. You have 10 minutes, then we will share our thoughts with the class

Effective Note Taking: A Reminder What is the piece of writing about? Read the introduction and headings. Look at illustrations, charts and graphs and read the captions. What are the main points or ideas Read through carefully thinking about what the main points or ideas are. Make your notes In your own words, summarize the information. Do not copy information directly from the book or internet. If you include a quote that is written in the book, use quotation marks.

Chapter 1: Section 1 Crossing to the Americas P. 27 -31

Vocabulary Words for Chapter 1: Section 1 Here is a list of words you are responsible for: Archaeologist Artifact Migrate Culture Domestication Civilization Irrigation Mound Builders Beringia Know these words, you will see them again later!! (Hint : ) ) These words can be found in your textbook, p. 27 -31

Archaeologist

Artifact

Migrate

Culture What can you tell about the culture, of these children, from these pictures?

Domestication

Civilization

What is a civilization? ? What features do you need to have a civilization? ?

5 Features of a Civilization 1. Cities are center of trade 2. Specialized jobs for different people 3. Organized forms of gov’t and religion 4. System of record keeping 5. Advanced tools

What leads to civilization? The five features, but what is the most important invention leading to the formation of civilizations? Irrigation, Domestication Irrigation leads to agriculture, which leads to trade, which leads to villages, etc. .

Irrigation

First People in America Migrated using the land bridge called Beringia. Where did they migrate from and why? Where is/was Beringia located? When exactly is the beginning? Artifacts date back as far as 30, 000 years ago!!

First People in America Beringia created during the Ice Age People believed to have migrated from Asia Migrated in search of food

Early American Artifacts

Early Mesoamerican Civilizations

Mesoamerica? ? ? Region that stretches from Central Mexico to present day Nicaragua 1200 b. c. e. (before common era) Olmec’s: an advanced Native American civilization that inhabited this area They lasted for 800 years: set up trade routes, built earthen mounds shaped like pyramids, and constructed large cities-- La Venta 400 b. c. e, they vanished. But they influenced cultures they traded with, namely, the Mayan’s

The Mayan’s Located in Southern Mexico and Guatemala By 250 c. e. (common era) they had an advanced civilization where they built pyramids, and had an accurate yearly calendar 1 st people to create a number system and they used pictographs as their written language. By 900, they disappeared. Where did they go? ? Scientists do not know, but speculate that either disease, revolts, or drought led to their extinction

Mayan Pyramid of Kukulkan

The Four Corner Native American Tribes

4 Corner Tribes are found in these states:

We will focus on two of the 4 tribes Anasazi: artifacts found in all 4 states (Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona) Hohokam: artifacts found mainly in Arizona

Location of these tribes

Map of 4 Corner Native Americans

Anasazi Tribe Lived in the four corner states area from 100 c. e. to circa 1300 c. e. Were nomadic hunter-gatherers , who settled and became farmers Cultivated maize (corn), squash, and beans Actively traded with other cultures Created roads to make trade easier No writing system--instead used pictographs

Anasazi “spirals”

Anasazi pictographs

Anasazi cont… Lived on high mesas and in canyons Built homes out of sun-dried, mud bricks, called Pueblos Built homes up against overhanging walls: Why? ? Protection, and keep cool in summer and warm in winter Lived in communal houses Houses shared by several families Used kivas, a large, deep circle, for rituals

KIVA

What is inside a kiva? ?

Anasazi Pueblo Cliff Dwelling

Anasazi Cave Dwelling

Anasazi cont. . By 1300 c. e. , culture declined 1600, all villages abandoned Left all belongings in villages--Why? Theories as to why Drought, invaders (war), or a breakdown in their social structure

Hohokam Tribe From 300 c. e. to 1500 c. e. , they lived mainly in the Arizona area known as the Tucson Base “Desert Agriculturalists”--greatest of the desert farmers. Built villages close to streams so they could farm Adopted the “rancheria” style of living People living in widely separated house groups within the village Used pictographs as their writing style

Hohokam Pictographs

Hohokam “big” house

Hohokam cont… They were master pottery makers: using the clay, earthen jars to store crops, maize, and water Dug ditches to water their crops Also known as irrigation They hunted and gathered, but farming was their main source of food

Hohokam irrigation canal

Hohokam cont… By 1100 c. e. , the Hohokam and the Mogollon tribes started integrating with each other Started living in large, apartment like adobe houses By 1350, their cultures were dwindling: due to environmental factors (drought) 1600, a completely new breed of tribes inhabited the area, and were encountered by the Spanish

Mound Builders Lived in the Eastern part of the U. S. --mainly the Mississippi valley area Three major groups: Adena Hopewell Mississippians These groups built large, earthen structures-some in shapes of mounds, others serpentlike

Adena/Hopewell Map

Adena Forced their way into the Ohio Valley around 1000 b. c. e. , and lasted until circa 100 c. e. Unusually tall people: archeologist found female bones 6’ tall, and found some males over 7’ tall

Adena cont. . Known for their agricultural practices, pottery, artistic works and extensive trading network Acquired copper from the Great Lakes and sea shells from the Gulf coast due to trade Built thousands of mounds (only some remain) ranging from 20 -300 feet in diameter

Adena cont. . Purpose of the mounds: served as burial structures, ceremonial sites, historical markers and possibly gathering places Adena culture seemed to end around 100 c. e. --Why? Theory: they assimilated into the Hopewell culture

Adena Mound

Great Serpent

Hopewell Culture flourished from 200 b. c. e to around 400 c. e. Situated along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern U. S. Known for its’ burial ceremonies, diversified culture, and trade with other communities

Hopewell cont… Exported and imported raw materials from across the country---This means they traded, and traded often Relied more on agriculture (farming) as opposed to being traditional huntergatherers Chief crops included squash, maize, and sunflowers

Hopewell cont… Used a variety of metal for tools and weapons. Obtained these metals via trade Ceased to exist between 200 and 400 c. e. Theories: society dissolved because of full-scale farming

Hopewell Mound

Mississippians Lasted from around 700 to the 1700’s c. e. -Even encountered early Europeans Lived primarily in the Mississippi valley area Built one of the first cities in North America called Cahokia, in Illinois Cahokia covered about 6 miles and had a population from 10, 000 to 20, 000 people By 1400, the city was abandoned: Either disease or war with the Europeans

Artists Rendition of Cahokia

Ruins of Cahokia

Mississippians Cont… Very sophisticated Political systems Elaborate trade networks Complex Mounds Over 100 of them Some have houses, some have clay pottery, some were never used

Mississippians Cont. . 1200 c. e. , they started to decline A shift in climate may have affected their crop growth By 1400, the city was abandoned, and the culture gone

Mississippian Mound

Group Work With members of your group, create a graphic organizer for the different Native American tribes we learned about Make it on a separate sheet of paper in your notebook. Each student needs to have one

Example Anasazi Hopewell Mississippians Adena Hohokam