Unit 1 THE BUSINESS OF BUSINESS Skills focus

Unit 1 THE BUSINESS OF BUSINESS

Skills focus Listening • preparing for a lecture • predicting lectures content from the introduction • understanding lecture organization • choosing an appropriate form of notes • making lecture notes Speaking • speaking from notes Vocabulary focus • words from general English with a special meaning in banking • prefixes and suffixes

1. 1 Vocabulary 1. 2 Listening 1. 3 Extending Skills 1. 4 Extending Skills

Vocabulary Bank Guessing words in context Using related words Sometimes a word in general English has a special meaning in business. Examples: raw, return, market If you recognize a word but don’t understand it in context, think: ü What is the basic meaning of the word? ü Does that help me understand the special meaning?

Vocabulary Bank Guessing words in context Examples: Raw food is not cooked food. In other words, the cooking process has not changed the food. Raw materials have not yet been changed into something else by the production process.

1. 1 Vocabulary A Read the sentences. The bold words are probably familiar to you in general English. But can you think of a different meaning for each word in business English? Change the form if necessary. 1 Canberra is the capital of Australia. 2 People who consume too much food become overweight. 3 After my return from holiday, I felt much better. 4 The gun was fired three times. 5 It will do you good to take some exercise. 6 You can buy fresh meat in the market on Thursdays. 7 We went to see an excellent production of Hamlet at theatre last night. 8 I am hoping to get promotion in my job next year. 9 I’m afraid I don’t like raw fish. 10 Is there a bus service on Sundays?

Word capital consume Meaning in Business money, especially for starting or expanding a business buy and use a product return profit from investment or sales fired told to leave their job products goods market production demand making products for sale promotion special offer, e. g. , buy one (pair of shoes) and get another (pair) free raw service not yet processed in the factory something that you buy but you can’t touch; such as transport

1. 1 Vocabulary B Read this part of a magazine interview with Max Jackson, the owner of VJ Sports. Complete each sentence with one of the bold words from Exercise A. Change the form if necessary. goods. I • I’m the director of VJ Sports, a company which sells sports ______ consumers. I also believe that businesses must understand the needs of ______ fired. Sports and leisure are believe that workers who are lazy should be ______ service industries. As a result, the ______ rapidly growing ______ market for sports equipment is growing. A lot of sports shops are doing a special promotion of our running shoes this week. In order to make more sports _____ raw materials. Also, the _____ production shoes, my factory needs more ______ department needs to increase the number of shoes which are made. I need capital in my company. They will be sure to someone to invest some more ______ return on their investment. get a good ______

1. 1 Vocabulary C&D Study the words in box a and box b. a base word extra letters at the beginning a base word prefix suffix extra letters at the end

Prefix Base word PREFIX co in in inter mis non out over re sub super trans under un operate come tangible national calculate durable come estimate arrange contractor market port perform limited Meaning of prefix with, together movement in not between do wrong not movement out do more than enough do again under, lesser over or bigger than from one state/place to another under or less than should be not, opposite Another word co-director, co-founder intake inefficient intercity misread non-material outgoings, outturn overcharge rethink subordinate, subnormal supervise transatlantic underestimate uninteresting

SUFFIX Base word Suffix Meaning of suffix adjective ➔ noun ity active ify classe make into ➔ adjective compete or direct a person who does something able can be dur less end without al industry noun ➔ adjective ment verb ➔ noun invest y machinery noun ending ship in the position of being (an owner) owner noun ➔ verb (the same form) d package ance perform verb ➔ noun ible can be tang verb ➔ noun transform (a)tion Another word ability, liability terrify, purify, identify active sailor replaceable jobless natural, commercial management category, industry membership, partnership processed insurance legible regulation, production

1. 1 Vocabulary E Use words from this lesson to discuss the following pictures. supermarket, non-durable goods, promotion production department

1. 1 Vocabulary E Use words from this lesson to discuss the following pictures. machinery sports goods

1. 1 Vocabulary E Use words from this lesson to discuss the following pictures. consumers, durable goods raw materials (for making chocolate)

1. 1 Vocabulary E Use words from this lesson to discuss the following pictures. service industry (hospitality/tourism or banking) (sales) performance/income

1. 1 Vocabulary E Use words from this lesson to discuss the following pictures. (international) transport

1. 2 Listening A You are a student in the Business Studies Faculty at Hadford University. 1 Write a definition of business. 2 What other ideas will be in this lecture? Make some notes. See Skills bank.

Skills bank Making the most of lectures Plan Prepare 4 Ps Predict Produce

Skills bank Before a lecture… Plan • Find out the topic of the lecture. • Research the topic. • Check the pronunciation of names and key words in English.

Skills bank Before a lecture… Prepare • • Get to the lecture room early. Sit where you can see and hear clearly. Bring any equipment you may need. Write the date, topic and name of the lecturer at the top of a sheet of paper.

Skills bank During a lecture… Predict • Listen carefully to the introduction. Think: What kind of lecture is this? • Write an outline. Leave space for notes. • Think of possible answers/solutions/effects, etc. , while the lecturer is speaking.

Skills bank During a lecture… Produce • Write notes/copy from the board. • Record sources – books/websites/names. • At the end, ask the lecturer/other students for missing information.

1. 2 Listening B Listen to Part 1 of the talk. What does the lecturer say about business? Tick the best choice. a The lecturer is talking about business in a general sense. ____ b Business is mainly about buying things. ____ c Business is mainly about selling things. ____ d Business is about more than buying and selling √ things. ____ 请将Unit 1的所有的音频文件和PPT放在一个文件夹中，点击小喇叭即可播放音频。

1. 2 Listening C In Part 2 of the talk, the lecturer describes different areas of business management. 1 How many different areas can you think of? 2 What happens in each area? 3 Listen and check your ideas. 4 What will the lecturer talk about next?

1. 2 Listening C In Part 2 of the talk, the lecturer describes different areas of business management. Business management operations marketing human resources finance production process and methods consumer needs hiring and firing flow of money order and store raw materials market research; prices; advertising contracts; promotion; health and safety; industrial relations; equal pay business performance research and development developing new products

1. 2 Listening D In Part 3 of the talk, the lecturer mentions the words input, output and transformation. • 1 What do these words mean in the context of manufacturing? • 2 Listen and check your ideas.

1. 2 Listening Word input output transformation D In Part 3 of the talk, the lecturer mentions the words input, output and transformation. Prefix/suffix and meaning ity out trans ation movement in movement out from one place or state to another noun ending Meaning of whole elements at beginning of a process results of a process in which something is changed

1. 2 Listening E In the final part of the talk, the lecturer talks further about inputs and outputs. Listen and mark each word in the box I for input or O for output. O O I banking _____ capital _____ computers _____ I O furniture _____ labour _____ I O newspapers _____ planning _____ I I O premises _____ training _____ transport _____

1. 2 Listening Input planning capital premises labour training F Draw a flowchart to illustrate the business process. Write words from Exercises D and E in your flowchart. transformation Output goods e. g. , furniture newspapers computers services e. g. , banking transport

1. 2 Listening G Describe the business process using your flowchart. In the business process, various types of inputs are required, such as planning and capital. These inputs are transformed into outputs of different kinds. Outputs can be goods such as furniture, or they can be services such as banking.

1. 2 Listening H Look back at your notes from Exercise A. Did you predict: • the main ideas? • most of the special vocabulary?

1. 3 Extending skills A What can a business …… 1 exploit natural resources, opportunities 2 employ workers, staff, employees 3 strengthen the business 4 construct buildings, ships 5 set up a new business, a factory 6 hire equipment, staff 7 publish accounts, books, magazines 8 expand the business, the company’s operation 9 invest money

1. 3 Extending skills B How can you organize information in a lecture? Match the beginnings and endings. question and contrast problem and definition classification and disadvantages and effect comparison and events cause and supporting information sequence of process stages of a solution theories or opinions then answer

Skills bank Making perfect lecture notes two columns advantages and disadvantages cause and effect spidergram tree d classification and definition comparison and contrast iagram tab le pros cons

Skills bank Making perfect lecture notes facts and figures sequence of events stages of process question and answer table timeline flowchart headin gs and 18 th 1920 notes 1. 1. 1 1. 2

1. 3 Extending skills E Listen to six lecture introductions. Choose a possible way to take notes from Exercise C in each case. Example You hear: Today I’d like to talk about some ways in which we can describe businesses. There are two important ways to classify businesses. You choose: tree diagram

1. 3 Extending skills E Listen to six lecture introductions. Choose a possible way to take notes from Exercise C in each case. Lecture 1 tree diagram (classification and definition) Lecture 2 table (comparison and contrast) Lecture 3 spidergram (classification and definition) Lecture 4 timeline (sequence of events) Lecture 5 spidergram (classification and definition then cause and effect) Lecture 6 timeline (sequence of events) then flowchart (stages of a process)

1. 4 Extending skills extracting natural resources teams A Study the pictures. What do pictures 1– 6 show? Use the following words: technology partnership rise limited resources teams. a partnership technology rise public limited company

1. 4 Extending skills A Study the picture. What is the connection between all the things in picture 7? different forms of money: barley, gold coins, banknotes, cowrie shells, cattle

1. 4 Extending skills Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 B Listen to the lecture introductions from Lesson 3 again. Make an outline of your notes. 点击文字，自动使用播放器播放 音频 点击小喇叭，自动播放音频

1. 4 Extending skills C Look at your outline for each lecture. What do you expect the lecture to talk about in the lecture? In what order?

1. 4 Extending skills 点击文字，自动使用播放器播放 音频 D Listen to the next part each lecture. Complete your notes. Lecture 1 Lecture 2 点击小喇叭，自动播放音频 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6

1. 4 Extending skills E Uncover the opposite page. Check your notes against the model notes. Are yours the same or different? F Work in pair. 1 Use the notes on the opposite page. Reconstruct one lecture. 2 Give the lecture to another pair.