UNIT 1 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS BASED ON LOCK

UNIT 1 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS BASED ON LOCK, Graham. Functional English Grammar. USA. CUP. 1996. Pp 1 -11 prof Cecilia Montorsi

FORMAL GRAMMAR v. LANGUAGE = set of rules FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR v. LANGUAGE = System of which specify all the possible grammatical structures. communication. The study of how language is organized to make and exchange meanings appropriate vs. inappropriate forms for a communicative purpose in a particular context. v. MAIN CONCERN = the functions of structures and their constituents and with their meanings in context. v MATERIAL USED= Authentic texts. Grammatical =/= Ungrammatical sentences v. MAIN CONCERN = the forms of the grammatical structure and their relationship to one another rather than with their meanings or uses in different contexts v MATERIAL USED= sentences made up to illustrate different prof Cecilia Montorsi

FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE TEACHING Why do most learners study a language? Most learners study a language to acquire the ability to communicate with other speakers or writers of the language. How can grammar contribute to language learning? Grammar needs not only to lay out the forms and structures of the language, but also to show what they are for and how they are used. SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR prof Cecilia Montorsi

SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR As said before, its primary aim is to understand how the grammar of a language serves as a resource for making and exchanging meanings. It is, therefore, likely to have useful things to say to language learners and teachers. theoretical and analytical framework adopted in this course, as well as much of the terminology, is drawn from the work of M. A. K. Halliday, who has had great influence on mother tongue and second language education. prof Cecilia Montorsi

LEVELS OF ANALYSIS PHONOLOGY (sound system) SEMANTICS (systems of meaning) LANGUAGE LEXIS (words of the language) GRAMMAR SYNTAX(arrangement of SYNTAX words) MORPHOLOGY (internal structure of words) prof Cecilia Montorsi Lexicogrammar

THE ORGANIZATION OF GRAMMAR CLASS RANK prof Cecilia Montorsi

RANK Different levels of organization within Grammar Hierarchy She’s great fun but her husband is rather dull. She’s great fun her husband is rather dull. She great fun her husband is rather dull. sentence clauses groups prof Cecilia Montorsi great fun her is dull. words

S ENTENCE C L A U S E. GROUP/PHRASE W O R D prof Cecilia Montorsi .

The relationship between the units is as follows: each unit consists of one or more units of the rank below it. prof Cecilia Montorsi

CLASS It applies to words as well as to groups: NOUNS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS prof Cecilia Montorsi

EXPERIENTIAL MEANING TEXTUAL (IDEATIONAL) Language represents our experience of the world and of the inner world of our feelings and thoughts. It has to do with how we talk about actions, feelings situations, states, etc. May be INTERPERSONAL The way in which language is organized in relation to its context. It is important in the creation of coherence in spoken and written text. The way we act upon one another through language, how we interact with other people –giving and requesting information, etc- and how we express our judgment and attitudes