Unit 1 School Life Introduction to attributive clauses

Unit 1 School Life

Introduction to attributive clauses

Look at the following phrases and point out the noun, the adjective or the prepositional phrase in each of them. an enjoyable experience adj. n. Modifying best friends the noun. adj. n. the rules of the school n. prepositional phrase What is the function of an adjective or prepositional phrase in these examples?

Translate the following phrases into Chinese and compare the different ways to express the same meanings in English and in Chinese. an enjoyable experience best friends the rules of the school a girl whose name was Diana attributive clause

相关概念 • 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（组）。 • 关系词：连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用 的词。 He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. Beijing is the place where I was born.

Read the paragraph in the textbook again and underline the attributive clauses you find. Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. 2. In 2004, he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese culture. 3. Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing.

4. Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends. 5. Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students. 6. The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.

Relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom and whose

1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。 （that/which作宾语时可省。） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? 1. Have you found the bike which you lost?

2. which 指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不 可省略; 作宾语可以省略。 ( which与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2) The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was very wonderful.

3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人), 在从句中作 主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格, 只能作宾语。(that 有时也指人，代替who或 whom，可作主语或宾 语) 1)The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.

4. whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可 以代物。 q I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. q Please show me the book. Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red. q I’ll call a person. His father knows you. I’ll call a person whose father knows you.

注意：以下情况中只能用关系 代词that 引导定语从句 (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has nothing that you can borrow.

(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a) few, (a) little, much等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are about this matter. I’ve read every book that is borrowed from the library. (3) 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him.

(4) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 时。 This is the first book that he has read. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. (5)先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物时。 He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.

即学即练 B 1. The tall girl ______ the teacher often praises is our monitor. A. which B. whom C. what D. whose A 2. The popular street _____ I visited on Sunday is being rebuilt now. A. / B. where C. what D. who A 3. I hate the people _____ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where

D 4. This is the place ____ I have ever visited. 　A. there B. when C. where D. which C 5. The house ______ we live in is very big. A. whose B. where C. which D. what

Complete the following article about high schools in the USA using who, whom, which or whose. There are several differences between high schools in the USA and high schools in China. For one tings, students who ______ study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week.

which The rest of the time _______ they spend at school is used for independent study. With so much free time, students ______ do not make good use who of their time may not pass their exams. Students _______ the teachers whom / who fail may have to take the classes again.

For another thing, many courses are which classes ____ the students can study which just for fun, but ______ they do not have to take. Finally, students can often choose their classes and class times. Some courses are required, but the students can still whose decide the teacher _______ class they wish to take. They can choose to take the class whom / who of a teacher ______ they like to respect.

高考真题 1. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. (2011福 建) A. which B. where C. what D. who 解析：分析句子结构可知，先行词是an atmosphere在后面的从句中作主语，故用 which引导。本句的意思是：她有一种为她 的学生创造气氛的天赋，这种气氛让他们彼 此之间互相自由地交流。

2. The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination. (2011全国 I) A. that B. which C. whose D. what 解析：先行词是the writer，关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语。

3. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. （2010湖南） A. who B. where C. when D. which 解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行 词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语， 故选关系代词who，即A项。

5. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. （2010 陕西） A. where B. which C. its D. whose 解析：所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语， 用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意 不符。

6. I refuse to accept the blame for something _______ was someone else’s fault. （2010 全国Ⅱ） A. who B. that C. as D. what 解析：不定代词something作主语，用that引 导。

8. In china, the number of cities is increasing _______ development is recognized across the world. （2010 重庆） A. where B. which C. whose D. that 解析： development与先行词cities之间是所 属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国， 城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意 识到。

Read the paragraph in the textbook again and then complete the sentences using attributive clauses.

2. It has many students __________________. who / that are from different countries 3. English is the subject ______________. that / which I like best 4. I admire most an American lady _________________. who / that teaches us English

5. Our history teacher tells us stories ________________. that / which are very interesting 6. I have a good friend whose name is Sally _____________. 7. The library is a place that / which is quiet and comfortable _________________.